Stichting Bakens Verzet, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Direction
T.E.(Terry) Manning
Schoener 50
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The Netherlands
Tel/fax 0031-227-604128
Homepage: http://www.flowman.nl
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Edition 04: 16 June, 2007
Keynote speech
at the Manchester Conference of 23rd March 1998 "Learning from
Brazil" published in Manchester Monographs 38, 1999.
WHAT IS NEEDED
ON TOP OF (FREIRE'S) CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS (CONCIENTIZATION - CONSCIENTIZACAO
IN PORTUGUESE - WHICH "MARCHES PEOPLE UP THE HILL, ONLY TO MARCH THEM DOWN
AGAIN" OR GETS THEM EMBROILED IN POLITICAL PROTEST/GUERILLA WAR - RE:
BERGER 'PYRAMIDS OF SACRIFICE')- IS ORGANIZATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS (FOLLOWED BY
ENTREPRENEURIAL LITERACY). IN THE SAME WAY AS, ONCE YOU HAVE LEARNED TO RIDE A
BIKE, YOU WILL NEVER FORGET IT, SO ENTREPRENEURIAL LITERACY IS LEARNED (AND
NEVER FORGOTTEN) INSIDE A METHOD -- (ORIGINATING IN THE THIRD WORLD, NOT WITH
THE 'MASTERS OF DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT) -- WHICH WE REFER TO AS THE 'ORGANIZATION
WORKSHOP'(OW)(1) - /..../ IF, INDEED, A MODEL DOES NOT START ON THE BASIS OF
'MASS CAPACITATION' I HAVE GRAVE DOUBTS WHETHER IT EVER CAN HAVE ANY HOPE OF
TAKING OFF./..../
ORGANIZATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS (AND ENTREPRENEURIAL LITERACY) CAN INDEED NOT BE ACHIEVED MERELY
BY 'MAKING PEOPLE AWARE', NOR BY SIMULATION EXERCISES, NOR EVEN LESS BY DINT OF
VERBAL ("HUMAN RESOURCES") 'TRAINING' OR 'CAPACITATION BUILDING'
MODULES, ALL BASED ON AMERICAN/EUROPEAN 'SMALL GROUP' SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. WHAT
WE ARE DEALING WITH IS LARGE GROUPS, MASSIVE GROUPS OF PEOPLE. WHAT IS
REVOLUTIONARY IN DE MORAIS' (NOT FREIRE'S NB) 'CAPACITATION' (RE: CAPACITACAO
IN PORTUGUESE) IS THAT IT IS NOT THE TRAINER, THE INTERVENOR OR THE
COMMUNICATOR WHO TRANSFERS THE ORGANIZATION SKILL, BUT THAT IT IS "THE
OBJECT THAT TEACHES" (OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY OR 'CAPACITATION')
'CAPACITATION',
WHICH IS A CONCEPT AND A PRACTICE WHICH ORIGINATES IN THE SECOND WORLD (RE:
VYGOTSKY, LEONT'EV, LURIA) AND WAS PUT IN PRACTICE IN THE THIRD WORLD(RE:
CLODOMIR SANTOS DE MORAIS) IS SO GENERICALLY DIFFERENT FROM ALL OTHER FORMS OF
'TEACHING', 'TRAINING', 'INSTRUCTION', 'SIMULATION LEARNING' OR
'CAPACITYBUILDING' THAT THERE IS NOT EVEN A WORD FOR IT IN ENGLISH (NOR IN
DUTCH, GERMAN, FRENCH, JAPANESE, FOR THAT MATTER - THERE IS IN RUSSIAN, THOUGH:
DYAETEL'NOST - THERE IS A LOT TO BE LEARNED FROM THE SECOND WORLD, AS WELL AS
FROM THE THIRD RE: CARMEN & LABRA "LEARNING FROM BRAZIL" 1999)
(from chapter 6 of Carmen, Raff and Sobrado, Miguel
(2000), A FUTURE FOR THE EXCLUDED, Zed Books London, ISBN 1 85649 703 8, pages
62-64
(The workshop)
17,400
campesinos in total attended the capacitation Workshops, representing 39% of
all the members or heads of household of the new land settlements which existed
in 1976 (44,700 families in total. This demonstrates that it is entirely
feasible to apply the method on a massive scale. On the other hand, such a
massive cover by the method was possible only because participation in the OW
learning events does not require preparatory schooling or a minimum level of
literacy (7) After all, to organize oneself for survival does not require much more
than the need to do so, and having an idea on how to put to the best advantage
scarce resources(8). An intense level of national as well as international
(Latin America) interest and participation in the workshops was noted on the
part of employees, students and public sector officials, involving, in all,
more than 450 persons. But the principal emphasis of this form of formation of
adults was on the capacitation of the capacitators in the method. This
formation goes to the roots of the workshop and demands that one experiences it
in practice; this, alone, will allow a proper, experiential knowledge of how it
works. In this way 300 persons were trained on behalf of National Agrarian
Institute (INA) of whom a quarter came to occupy positions of direct responsability
in the capacitation of the campesinos. Eventually 500 persons in total were
appointed.
(The OW and
the Private Sector)
By 1976 there
was a marked slowing down in the Agrarian Reform process. But, at the same
time, there was also a decline in the rate of occupancy of new land; land
settlement nevertheless remained main arm of INA strategy, until the beginning
of the eighties, which meant that the methodology remained in use, albeit not
on a massive scale as before. This also meant that the method was able amply to
demonstrate what it was capable of. As from
(Strengthening
of group managment)
Both public
and private sector capacitation initiatives in Honduras were concentrated in
the Atlantic region, where the communal settlements consisted of an average of
25 peasants per enterprise, with a person-to-land ratio of
(The 'Centre'
Workshops)
As we have
seen,'centre' workshops played an important role in Honduras. They were
responsible for the formation of cadres for the implementation of collectively
managed enterprises. Most of those taking part in the centre workshops were
ordinary peasants, and they were joined by experts and functionaries of the
national public sector, the international development organizations and
reesentatives from other countries in Latin America. The results of those
centre wrokshops were less well documented, mainly because doing so was a
massive enterprise. But we can venture the following hypotheses concerning the
graduates of the workshops:
-Where
participating peasants came from an enterprise that enjoyed some form of field
assistance, this enterprise was intended to become a support base for others,
which, in most of the cases, was what actually happened.
-Where
campesinos came from enterprises or settlements that did not benefit from any
form of support, their principal objective was to improve the organizational
management skills of their own enterprise. However, some factors did not seem
to corresond with the hypothesis. In the case of technical personnel, they made
use of the workshops in a variety of ways:
-Where technicians
were already involved in capacitation work, the experience helped them to
deepen their knowledge of the method in a practical manner so they were able to
better reproduce it for the benfit of others later. At a later stage they would
add to this a better knowledge about the role of the workshop director and the
different phases through which the director had to accompany the group.
-In the case
of experts not attached to national institutions or belonging to national
institutions not involved in development projects, the main benefit for them
consisted in gaining inside knowledge of the method and in finding ways and
means of applying it. In Central America the method was thus applied in many
instances, based on the Honduras experience, for example in a number of
cooperative contexts or in land settlement initiatives.
Author/s |
Title |
Publisher |
|
Carmen, Raff and Sobrado, Miguel (2000) |
A FUTURE FOR THE EXCLUDED |
Zed Books London, ISBN 1 85649 703 8 |
|
Carmen, Raff with Labra Ivan et al. (1999) |
LEARNING FROM BRAZIL |
University of Manchester UK, Manchester Monographs
38, ISBN 0 902252 29 1 |
|
Sobrado, Miguel et al (2000) |
PARA REDUCIR EL DEEMPLEO Y LA POBREZA-PRONACAMPO |
Presidencia de |
|
The following
list is reproduced from pages 218-222 of Carmen, Raff and Sobrado, Miguel
(2000) A FUTURE FOR THE EXCLUDED Zed Books London, ISBN 1 85649 703 8 with the
kind permission of the authors and copyright holders
Author/s |
Title |
Publisher |
|
Andersson, G. (1986) |
ANOTHER BATTLE BEGUN. IMAGES OF COLLECTIVE
COOPERATIVES IN ZIMBABWE |
Education with Production, vol.5, no. 1, December |
|
Andersson, G. (1987) |
COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT - SELF-MANAGEMENT: COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION |
Workteam, no.3, Gaborone, Botswana |
|
Andersson, G. et al (1989) |
ORGANISATION WORKSHOPS IN BOTSWANA |
Gaborone, Botswana:CORDE |
|
Andersson, G. (forthcoming) |
UNBOUNDED ORGANISATION |
in D.Lewis and T.Wallace, BEYOND THE NEW POLICY
AGENDA |
|
Antoine G. (1980) |
ENMI KOPERASION (Cooperative Enemy) |
Port-au-Prince, Haiti : FEDERCOOP |
|
Barelli, W. (1998) |
PROGRAMMA DE AUTOEMPREGO (PAE):MAIS QUE UM EMPREGO:
O FUTURO (More than a Job : a Future) |
Sao Paulo: Ministry of Labour |
|
Barrantes, V. (1999) |
|
Heredia, Costa Rica : Euna |
|
Campos, M. (1997) |
DOMADOR DE |
Rumbo, no. 657, 11-18 August, Costa Rica |
|
Carmen, R. (1995) |
WORKSHOP FOR ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT VS
"BRITISH" ENTERPRISE EDUCATION |
Convergence, vol.xxviii, no.1, Toronto |
|
Carmen, R. (1996) |
AUTONOMOUS DEVELOPMENT: HUMANIZING THE LANDSCAPE |
London: Zed Books |
|
Carmen, R. (1998a) |
PRODUCTION WORKS! |
Development vol.1, no.41, Rome |
|
Carmen, R. (1998b) |
GLOBAL CONFERENCING ON |
CONFERENCE REPORT URL Hypertext |
|
Carmen, R. (forthcoming) |
WHERE THERE IS NO WORKPLACE |
in N.Boreham (ed.), SITUATED LEARNING AND THE
WORKPLACE, London : Routledge |
|
Carmen, R., I.Labra, I.Labra and M.Davis (1999) |
LEARNING FROM BRAZIL |
Manchester : Manchester Monographs |
|
Cherrett, I. (1986) |
COLLECTIVISM LEADS TO SELF-SUFFICIENCY |
Borrowdale, Zimbabwe : Glenn Forest Training
Centre |
|
Cherrett, I. (1989) |
REPORT OF THE MAYA EXPERIMENTAL WORKSHOP ON THEORY
OF ORGANIZATION-EWTO |
Mauya, Zimbabwe |
|
Cherrett, I. (1992a) |
THE THEORY OF ORGANIZATION, A TOOL FOR MASS
TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT |
Newcastle and Manchester : ETC UK |
|
Cherrett, I. (1992b) |
ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE LOS RESULTADOS E
IMPLICACIONES DEL LABORATORIO EXPERIMENTAL (Some reflections on the results and
implications of the OW) |
in FAO/INA Conference Proceedings, RLAC/92/35
DERU-44, Tela, Honduras |
|
Cherrett, I. (1993) |
THE CRISIS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND EWTO |
presented at Conference on the OW Principles and Practice,
25 February, Centre for Adult and Higher Education (CAHE), Manchester
University |
|
Cherrett, I. and M.Sobrado (1992) |
EASTERN EUROPE: ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING IN
CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL CRISIS |
Newcastle : ETC UK |
|
COMUNITARIO (1993) |
|
|
|
Special issue on Cooperativism, Sao Paulo,
September |
|
|
|
Correia, J.C.B. (1994) |
COMUNICACAO E CAPACITACAO (Communication and
Capacitation) |
Brasilia : IATTERMUND |
|
Correia, J.C.B. (1998) |
DE PAULO FREIRE A CLODOMIR SANTOS DE MORAIS : DE
CONCIENCIA CRITICA A LA CONCIENCIA ORGANIZATIVA |
presented at Iberoamerican Congress on University
Extension, UNA University, Heredia, Costa Rica |
|
Erazo Midence, B. and C.A.Tovar (1975) |
DICCIONARIO DE |
Tegucigalpa |
|
Erazo Midence, B. and C.A.Tovar (1985) |
|
IICA/UNACR |
|
FAO (1992) |
CONSOLIDACION DE EMPRESAS CAMPESINAS DE REFORMA
AGRARIA Y METODOLOGIAS PARA |
presented at meeting on workshops, FAO/INA
Conference Proceedings, RLAC/92/24 DERU-44, Tela, Honduras |
|
FAO (Brazil)(1987) |
APOSTILA DE PLANJAMENTO E PROJECTOS- CURSO DE FORMACAO
DE AUXILIAR DE PROJECTOS E INVESTIMENTOS - APIs (Courses for APIs -
Investment Project Assistants) |
Sao Paulo |
|
FAO (Brazil) (1997) |
PAE (PROGRAMA DO AUTO-EMPREGO) (Self-employment
Programme) |
Sao Paulo |
|
Freire, P. (1985) |
THE POLITICS OF EDUCATION |
London : Macmillan |
|
Freire, P. (1987) |
APRENDENDO COM A PROPRIA HISTORIA |
Rio de Janeiro: Paz et Terra Ediciones, pp.135-7 |
|
Freire, P. (1996) |
CARTA DE PAULO FREIRE A CLODOMIR MORAIS - LEMBRANDO
OS ENSINAMENTOS DA PRISAO (Letter from Paulo Freire a Clodomir Morais -
sowing the seeds learned in prison) |
in A VOZ DA ESPOS, A.M.A.Freire, |
|
Freire, P. (1997) |
TRIBUTE TO CLODOMIR |
video cassette, Univeristy of Rondonia, Brazil (event
related in Chapter 4) |
|
HIVOS (Humanistisch Institut voor
Ontwikkelingssamenwerking) (1984) |
THE EXPERIMENTAL WORKSHOPS IN ANGLOPHONE COUNTRIES
OF THE CARIBBEAN |
Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
|
IATTERMUND |
ARCHIVES |
Brasilia |
|
INAGRO (1982) |
AUDIOVISUAL TOOLS FOR THE OW |
Caracas, Venezuela : IICA |
|
Juarez, B. (1977) |
MEMORIA DEL PRIMER LABORATORIO EXPERIMENTAL DE |
Mexico: COCODES |
|
Hanley, J.C. (Fr.Guadelupe) (1985) |
ASI ES LA IGLESIA |
Managua, Nicaragua: CENIH |
|
Labra, I. (1984) |
|
Managua, Nicaragua : INFORP |
|
Labra, I. (1998a) |
GLENN FOREST TRAINING CENTRE: COOPERATIVE
MANAGEMENT |
Harare, Zimbabwe : SADET, June |
|
Labra, I. (1998b) |
INTRODUCING SOUTHERN AFRICA DEVELOPMENT TRUST |
Harare: SADET |
|
Labra, I. (1992a) |
TALLERES DE EXPERIENCIAS CON LABORATORIOS DE
ORGANIZACION Y TALLERES DE GESTION EMPRESERIAL (Experimental Workshops and
Entrepreneurial Management Workshops) |
FAO/INA Conference Proceedings, RLAC/92/24 DERU-44
Tela, Honduras |
|
Labra, I. (1992b) |
PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL: RESPONSABILIDAD Y NECESSIDAD
(Social Psychology with Large Groups: Responsibility and Need) (English
trans. forthcoming) |
Santiago de Chile: LOM Editoriales |
|
Labra, I. (1996) |
COMMUNICATION LINK TRUST. IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE
ORGANIZATIONAL WORKSHOP APPROACH -DRAFT |
Harare : SADET |
|
Labra, I. and I.Labra (1992a) |
CONTRIBUCIONES DE |
FAO/INA Conference Proceedings, RLAC/92/35
DERU-44, Tela, Honduras |
|
Labra, I. and I.Labra (1992b) |
EL PASTORALISMO, UN TIPO DE COMPORTAMENTO
IDEOLOGICO ENCONTRADO IN AFRICA (Pastoralism : an ideological behaviour found
in Africa) |
RLAC/92/35 DERU-44, Tela, Honduras |
|
Labra, I. and I.Labra (1999) |
INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIAL SCALE CAPACITATION
METHOD |
in Carmen, R., I.Labra, I.Labra and M.Davis (1999)
LEARNING FROM BRAZIL, Manchester : Manchester Monographs no.38 |
|
Lewis, J. (1998) |
MASSIVE PHENOMENON - MASSIVE SOLUTIONS NEEDED |
New Economics, London, Summer |
|
Monteiro, S.T. (1992) |
O METODO DE CAPACITACAO PARA A FORMACAO DE
EMPRESAS ASSOCIATIVAS |
Revista Perspectiva, Erechim, Brazil |
|
Monteiro, S.T. (1993) |
A CAPACITACAO PARA FORMACAO DE EMPRESAS ASSOCIATIVAS
(Capacitation for the Formation of Membership Enterprises) |
Sao Paulo, Brazil : IATTERMUND |
|
Mora Alfarp, J.A. (1978) |
AUTOGESTION Y CAPACITACAO CAMPESINA (Peasant Modes
of Self-management and Capacitation) |
San Jose, Costa Rica : IICA |
|
Mora Alfarp, J.A. (1980) |
APUNTES SOBRE |
San Jose, Costa Rica : ANACR |
|
Moraes, A.A. da Costa (n.d.) |
GERAR O PROPRIO EMPREGO E OPCAO DO FUTURO (Manage
your own Enterprise as an Option for the Future) |
Alternative, journal of the Vitoria PROGEI, vol 1,
no.8, Brazil |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1969) |
ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO A LAS
ORGANIZACIONES CAMPESINAS EN LATINOAMERICA (Some Reflections on the Peasant
Organizations in Latin America) |
Geneva : ILO |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1970) |
PEASANT LEAGUES IN BRAZIL |
in R.Stavenhagen, AGRARIAN PROBLEMS AND PEASANT
MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, New York : Doubleday |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1973) |
DICTIONARIO DE REFORMA AGRARIA LATINO AMERICA
(Dictionary of Agrarian Reform)> |
San Jose,
Costa Rica : EDUCA |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1975a) |
|
Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1975b) |
THE HONDURAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL |
Tegucigalpa, Honduras : PROCCARA |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1976a) |
MOVILIDAD DE |
Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1976b) |
CAPACIDAD DE |
presented at the UNO Global Forum Conference for
Habitat, Vancouver, Canada |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1979) |
|
Cinterfor, no. 64 |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1986) |
NOTES ON A THEORY OF ORGANIZATION (trans.
I.Cherrett) |
Newcastle : ETC UK |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1987a) |
ELEMENTOS DA TEORIA DA ORGANIZACAO NO CAMPO
(Elements of a Theory of Organization) |
Sau Paulo : Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem
Terra |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1987b) |
CONDICIONES OBJETIVAS Y FACTORES SUBJECTIVOS DE |
doctoral thesis, W.Pieck University, Rostock,
Germany |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1989) |
A CAPACITACAO MASSIVA : UMA PROPOSTA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO
RURAL (Mass Capacitation: A Proposal for Rural development) |
Porto Velho, Brazil : EMATER |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1992) |
THE IMPERATIVE FOR SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN THE
AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES |
seminar, Humboldt University, Berlin and Capingo
University, Mexico |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1994) |
A QUE E A ORGANIZACAO (What is an organization?)
(The Theory of Organization explained in cartoons) |
Alagaos Sate, Brazil : Trabalhadores sem Terra |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1995) |
CUAL E O MERITO DO METODO PAULO FREIRE (What is
the Merit of Paulo Friere's Method?) |
Rondonia, Brazil |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1997a) |
HISTORIA DAS LIGAS CAMONESAS DO BRASIL (History of
the Peasant Leagues in Brazil) |
Brasilia : IATTERMUND |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1997b) |
EL REENCONTRADO E LO PERDIDO DE LAS REFORMAS
AGRARIAS (Agrarian Reforms Lost and Found) |
Brasilia : IATTERMUND |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1997c) |
LOS MERCADOS LABORALES EFICIENTES : UN DESAFIO PARA
AMERICA LATINA (Efficient labour markets: a challenge for Latin America) |
keynote address at the K.Adenauer Foundation
International Seminar, San Jose, Costa Rica 30 July |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1997d) |
TEORIA DE |
Brasilia : IATTERMUND |
|
de Morais, C.S. (1997e) |
UMA NOVA VISAO DA EXTENSAO RURAL PELO GERACAO DE
EMPREGO E RENDA ( A New Vision for Rural Extentsin of Job and Income
Generation) |
Porto Velho, Brazil : EMATER |
|
de Morais, C.S. et al. (1976) |
PROCCARA 46 Months |
Tegucigalpa, Honduras: INA |
|
Morales Marin, R. et al. (1986) |
EL LABORATORIO DE ORGANIZACION, UNA METODOLOGIA
PARA |
Cartagena, Colombia : SENA (Servicio Nacional de
Apendizaje) |
|
O'Neill, M. (1997) |
FROM PROJECTS TOWARDS PROCESS : A CASE STUDY OF A CONCERN-INITIATED
PROGRAMME IN MOZAMBIQUE |
MEd thesis, CAHE, Faculty of Education, Manchester
University |
|
Pinheiro Machado, J.A. and C.S. de Morais (1996) |
AVALIACAO DOS LABORATORIOS ORGANIZACIAIS DO ESTADO
DA PARAIBA) (Evaluation of the OW in the State of Paraiba) |
Brasilia : IATTERMUND |
|
PROCCARA (1976) |
EMPRESA ASOCIATIVA CAMPESINA 'ISLETA' (Report on
the Membership Enterprise 'Isleta') |
Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
|
PUGA, G. (1975) |
HONDURAS : FORMS OF AGRARIAN SELF-GOVERNMENT |
Presented at Second Conference on Self-Management,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY |
|
Reveau, R. (1980) |
DEFENDRE L'UNITE ET |
Port-au-Prince, Haiti : Editions Marcel Herz |
|
Rojas J.J. (1988) |
AUGE Y DECADENCIA DEL CORPORATIVISMO AGRARIO EN
MEXICO (Rise and Fall of Agrarian Cooperativism in Mexico) |
Chapingo University |
|
SADET (n.d.) |
ORGANIZATIONAL WORKSHOPS : WHAT ARE THEY? |
Harare, Zimbabwe : SADET |
|
Sariego, J. and A.Gonzalez (1997) |
SEMINARIO TALLER DE CAPACITACION EN ORGANIZACION :
EL CASO DE |
San Jose, Costa Rica : IICA |
|
Seidman, J. (1986-1987) |
DE MORAIS' ORGANIZATIONL THEORY |
cartoon series in Workteam, Gaborone, Botswana :
Design Layout Graphics |
|
SENA (1986) |
EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL WORKSHOP. A
METHODOLOGY FOR CAPACITATION AND ORGANIZATION |
Caracas, Venezuela: SENA |
|
Silveira, C.M., R.Mello and R.Gomes (1997) |
WORK AND INCOME : THREE CAPACITATION MODELS (one
chapter devoted to de Morais' OW) |
Rio de Janeiro : FASE/GTZ |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1981) |
APOGEO Y DECADENCIA DE LOS ARTESANOS (Rise and
Fall of the Artisan Way) |
Heredia, Costa Rica : PRACA/UNA |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1990) |
TEORIA DE |
Panama : UNDP-ILO |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1994a) |
CAPACITACION Y DISCAPACITACION EN LOS PROJECTOS DE
DESAROLLO |
Cuaderno de Ciencias Sociales, no.68, San Jose,
Costa Rica |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1994b) |
CAPACITACION EMPRESARIAL EN CONDICIONES DE TRANSICION
EN EUROPEA ORIENTAL |
Land Reform, Rome : FAO |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1994c) |
INTERFERENCES AND RELATIONS OF DOMINATION IN THE
CAPAICTATION PROCESS |
research paper, Heredia, Costa Rica |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1996) |
|
Chapingo University, Mexico |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1997) |
GERMINADORA MASIVA DE EMPRESAS Y EMPLEO (A Massive
Enterprise and Workplace-generating Model) |
Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica |
|
Sobrado, M.C. (1999) |
COOPSILENCIO : UN CUARTO DE SIGLO |
in V. Barrantes, |
|
Sobrado, M.C. and C.S. de Morais (1981) |
GUIA TEMATICA PARA PARTICIPAR EN EL SIMPOSIO DE ANALISIS
SOBRE LOS LABORATORIOS EXPERIMENTALES (Thematic Guide for the Participants in
the Symposium on the Analysis of the Organization Workshops) |
Costa Rica : IICA |
|
Sunday Mail (Zimbabwe) (1983) |
BURGLAR BARS, SECURITY WALLS TELL THE STORY |
article on Clodomir Santos de Morais |
|
van Dam, C. (1982) |
HET EXPERIMENTEEL LABORATORIUM : DE METHOLOGIE VAN
SANTOS DE MORAIS |
The Hague : CESO |
|
Wilson, J. (n.d.) |
DIARY OF A RESOURCE PERSON FROM PELUM, ZIMBABWE AT
THE ORGANIZATIONAL WORKSHOP HELD AT MUNGUINE, MOZAMBIQUE |
(unpublished) |
|
List of attachments to the Model.
Complete
programme of the Model.