Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 12: 02
November 2006
DRAWING
OF STRUCTURES
AUDITING STRUCTURES
CASH FLOW DIAGRAM.
HOW THE ORIGINAL
SEED LOAN MONEY IS USED.
TANK COMMISSIONS -
THE KEY STRUCTURES.
WELL COMMISSIONS
The responsibilities of the
various parties which would presumably be involved in the project are:
04.10.01 THE LOCAL NGO
(name)
The NGO (name) officially
fronts for the project. It is formally constituted and operative. It is
respected and accepted by the population in the project area and enjoys their
confidence. The NGO has (number) board members, whose task is honorary.
Financing parties may
nominate their representatives (eventually paid by the financing parties
themselves) to the board, with the task of participating in the auditing commission
and for the purpose of monitoring project progress.
The NGO has approved the
project and presented it for financing within the framework of (a country
programme (name) supported by a donor government (name)) (the financing
facility in question) .
The NGO nominates the
project coordinator and puts the project funds at the free and unconditional
disposal of the Project Coordinator in a bank account in the name of the
Project.
The NGO may not interfere in
the execution of the project, except to carry out its auditing and monitoring
duties.
The local NGO may delegate a
representative to countersign together with the Project Coordinator movements
of projects funds from Euro or US$ accounts with the External Bank to formal
currency accounts in the currency of (the host country). The representative
(may be, is) authorised to counter-sign Euro or dollar payments from Euro of
US$ accounts with the External Bank to foreign consultants contractors and
suppliers. The representative is also authorised to counter-sign period lump
sum payments made from the Formal currency accounts in the currency of (the host country) to the Cooperative Local
Development Fund.
The local NGO answers to the
auditing commission.
04.10.02 THE PROJECT
COORDINATOR.
The
project coordinator is responsible, together with the general consultant, for
the project preparation, for contacts with local authorities and banks and with
the users, for the actual implementation of the project. The project
coordinator is also responsible for all
professional work or operations that cannot, at the time of the project, be
provided from within the local communities. The project coordinator is also in charge of the maintenance of the
project, for collecting the monthly contributions of the users (through the
tank commissions and other project structures set up) and for general
supervision of payments out of the project accounts. The project coordinator
will also coordinate the establishment of the local gypsum composite production
units and the network of recycling centres. The fees of the project coordinator
have been agreed and are formalised in the budget documents, which are in the
public domain.
The
project coordinator has exclusive control over formal currency funds deposited by
the project in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
04.10.03 GENERAL CONSULTANT
The
general consultant is responsible for formulating the project, initial
coordination with the NGO Africa A.H.E.A.D., initial contacts for setting up
the Organizational Workshops, for the organisation (through the Workshops) of
the local money LETS systems, setting up a Micro Credit system, coordinating
with the gypsum composites specialist in setting up local gypsum composites
production units, delivering pumps, PV-panels and related materials needed to
implement the project. He will act as consultant to the Project Coordinator
(through the Workshops) for the training and supervision of water supply, water
quality and hygiene control and maintenance personnel identified during the
Workshops.
04.10.04 ORGANISATIONAL
WORKSHOPS
Most activities will be
executed by the local people themselves. Organizational workshops (mass
capacitation workshops or OW's) following the method of the Brazilian Clodomir
Santos de Morais will be held for the various sectors of activity involved.
During the workshops the users will organise themselves respecting the
principles of the division of labour.
See Schedule 2 for
information on Organizational Workshops.
Amongst the activities for
which Organizational Workshops will be held are:
Setting up Health Clubs.
Setting up Tank- and Well-commissions and the central project management unit.
Setting up the local money (LETS) systems.
Setting up gypsum composites production units.
Setting up structures for the water supply systems.
Setting up structures for the sanitation systems.
Setting up structures for the growing of bio-mass to fuel high efficiency
stoves.
Setting up the Cooperative Local Development Fund and the interest-free
micro-credit system.
Setting up the waste recycling system.
Setting up structures for rainwater harvesting.
Setting up the local radio station.
Setting up export-import cooperatives.
Setting up a net-work of local agrarian consultants.
The costs of the Workshops
are set out separately in the balance sheet.
The Organizational workshops
will typically directly involve about 4.000 users representing some 10% of the
adult population.
04.10.05 (EXTERNAL FUNDING
AUTHORITY – NAME)
The external funding
authority (NAME) will, on acceptance,
make available its 75% share of the interest-free loan necessary for the
project and nominate structures and channels for supervising the project
expenditure and liaison with other parties.
04.10.06 LOCAL FUNDING
(USUALLY THE LOCAL POPULATION)
Local
funding will usually come from the local population, through conversion of its
contribution in work at the rate of Euro 3 for each 8 hours working day. The
total expected contribution is (number) of working days, representing (number
of hours) work.
04.10.07
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY (NAME)
The
(regional administrative authority) will be an enabling body only. It will
guarantee the continuity of the local currency (LETS) systems. Before the
project begins, it will guarantee transfer of ownership of the project to the
local communities subject to reversion of ownership to the project in case of
default in payments. It will ensure, by agreement with the Central Government,
that goods imported for the project come into (the project’s host country) Duty
Free. It will authorise without creating unjustified obstacles the positioning
of boreholes, wells, feed-pipes, tanks and others structures necessary to the
execution of the project.
It may take full political
credit for the project, but will agree not to otherwise intervene in its
organisation, implementation or day to day running.
04.10.08 LOCALLY ELECTED
MP'S
The
local MP's will do everything in their power to guarantee respect by the
national, regional and local administrative authorities the continuity of the
local currency (LETS) systems, the importation of goods destined for the
project without the application of customs duties taxes or other formal levies,
and the transfer of the project structures to the users.
They
will act as liaison points between the Project Coordinator on the one hand and
the local funding authority and the local political institutions on the other.
They may take full political credit for the project, but will agree not to
otherwise intervene in its organisation, implementation or day to day running.
04.10.09
THE LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE PROJECT AREA
The
local councils are enabling bodies only. They may take full political credit
for the project implementation, but will not otherwise intervene in the organisation,
implementation or day to day running of the project. They will guarantee and
respect the decisions of the (Regional) Authority in relation to ownership of
the project goods and services, and fully support the local currency (LETS)
systems and the duty-free entry into the project area of goods to be used in
the project.
The
Local Councils will approve reasonable project proposals for laying and
embedding water pipelines to dedicated water tanks, drilling bore holes,
digging wells, locating and building sanitation facilities, positioning of
gypsum composite manufacturing units, gypsum composites of, and collection of rubbish by, recycling
centres.
04.10.10
THE LOCAL (REGIONAL?) HEALTH AUTHORITIES
The
local health authorities are responsible for health services in the project
area.. They will respect the administrative decisions taken by the Regional
Government relating to the Project and will approve of the use of their own
Health Workers within the framework of the Community Health Clubs' hygiene
education programme to be set up by Africa A.H.E.A.D.
The
health authorities (will approve, have approved) that their health workers be
paid in the local LETS currencies for any work not already covered under their
existing salaries.
They
(will approve, have approved) that ownership of drinking water facilities,
sanitation services where supplied, PV lighting, PV refrigeration, and water
testing equipment placed in clinics within the project area be vested in the
tank commissions in whose areas the clinics are situated.
They support hygiene
education courses in schools in the project area.
They
(will reach, have reached) an agreement with the project coordinator to ensure
training of (women) users at on-going checks of water quality, and systematic
inspections of the sanitation facilities built within the framework of the
project. Testing and inspection work not already included within the Health
Workers' salaries will be paid for in the local LETS currencies. The equipment
for conducting such systematic water quality tests will be made available under
the project to a local clinic or hospital and financed by testing work carried
out by the clinic for third parties outside of the project area.
PV
lighting, sanitation where needed and refrigeration for medicines for the
clinics in the project area would be paid for by the communities as they do for
drinking water facilities dedicated to the clinics and schools in the project
area. Ownership would in this case be vested in the tank commission in whose
territory the clinic is located. PV lighting and refrigeration installations in
clinics outside the project area serving users inside the project area need to
be separately discussed. The disposal, where required, of specialised waste
from clinics will be addressed separately.
The health authorities will
train make regular hygiene inspections of the local recycling centres.
04.10.11 THE LOCAL
(REGIONAL?) EDUCATION AUTHORITIES
The
education authorities (will approve, have approved) that ownership of drinking
water and sanitation facilities and PV lighting placed in schools within the
project area be vested in the tank commissions where the schools are located.
They (will also approve, have approved) that the teachers' commissions
nominated to operate water and sanitation services and PV lighting report to
the local tank commissions.
They
support hygiene education courses in the schools in the project area and
approve the reasonable course curriculum presented by the Project Coordinator
and apply it during normal school hours.
04.10.12
THE LOCAL TAX AUTHORITIES
The
Project Coordinator will reach a binding agreement with the tax authorities,
before the Project gets under way, to ensure that the tax authorities are not
deprived of current tax revenue.
The
project is based on a tax moratorium of at least 20 years on all LETS
activities.
The
tax authorities will define LETS activities carried out in LETS currencies
under the project as non-commercial, and therefore non-taxable.
04.10.13
THE COOPERATIVE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FUND AND MICRO-CREDIT INSTITUTION
The
Cooperative Local Development Fund set up under the project will administer
project funds actually deposited in the project area.. On the instruction of
the Project Coordinator, it will formally administer Grameen Bank style
micro-credit loans and repayments and the project funds, in cooperation with
the (External Green Bank, name). It will NOT intervene in the decisions
relating to the granting of the loans themselves which will be made by the project
coordinator in consultation with the communities.
The
Cooperative Local Development Fund will autonomously finance and administer
micro-loans for the installation of solar home systems for individual
non-productive household use.
04.10.14
THE EXTERNAL BANK (NAME)
The
external funding authority (name) will pass its financial contribution through
an appropriate financial institution, possibly a Green Bank capable of acting
as adviser to the Cooperative Local Development Fund. The external Bank will, on
the instruction of the project coordinator, administer the project monies
deposited in the project area under the supervision of the External Funding
Authority and will support the Cooperative Local Development Fund in setting up
the Micro-credit system for local development.
04.10.15
THE LOCAL GYPSUM COMPOSITE PRODUCTION UNITS
These
units will make, with a sanitary finish where necessary, ecological items such
as water tanks, water containers, well-linings, san-plats in low cost labour
intensive production units with up to 100% local value added. They will also
make the high efficiency stoves and solar cookers. The Project will finance
them on an interest-free basis with a pay-back period of 3-5 years. They will
operate autonomously and negotiate payment of any royalties directly with the
Technology Owner. They will usually sell their products within the project area
in the local LETS currency, and outside the Project areas in formal currency.
Precedence will be given to making items of top priority to the Project.
Ownership of the production units passes to the cooperative factory owners
after construction, subject to reversionary rights of the project in case of
default in repayments. Until full repayment the cooperative factory owners
answer to the Project Coordinator.
04.10.16
TANK COMMISSIONS
TANK COMMISSIONS -
THE KEY STRUCTURES.
Every
water tank supplies an area or group of households with water. A tank
commission, elected by the users, will supervise the use of the tank and its
associated works, the collection of the monthly contributions and the carrying
out of minor operations such as keeping tank areas clean. Each tank commission
will be paid a small monthly fee in formal currency, equivalent to perhaps Euro
5 per month, which it is free to spend as it wishes. Since women enjoy the
greatest benefits from the execution and on-going management of the project,
they should provide most of the tank commission members.
The tanks commissions will
be set up using the Moraisian organisational workshop method. Their form may
vary from one are of the area to another.
The tank commissions will
nominate one of their members to liaise with the system maintenance structures
set up.
The tank commissions would
also be responsible for study rooms and PV lighting and for coordination of
recycling in their area.
They will nominate a
literate person to liaise with the local LETS system coordinator.
The drinking water
installations and sanitation services dedicated to schools and clinics will be
supervised by commissions of respectively teachers and medical staff who will
report to the tank commissions where the schools and clinics are located.
Ownership of these installations will be vested in the local tank commissions
with the consent of the local Education and Health authorities. The costs of
loan repayment and maintenance of these installations are built into the users'
monthly payments.
PV lighting, PV
refrigeration, and water testing equipment supplied to clinics in the project
area would likewise be run by the medical commission supervising the water
supply. Ownership of these structures will be vested, with the consent of the
Health Authorities, in the tank commissions where the clinics located. The
medical commission will report to the local tank commission.
The problem of specialist
waste removal from clinics, where needed, will need to be studied separately.
The tank commissions will
also convene regular meetings to discuss activities under their local LETS
system and priorities for micro-credits.
The tank commissions will
elect the well commissions.
The
tank commissions will nominate a female candidate from their own area to carry
out cooperative inspection of the sanitation, rainwater harvesting, and cooking
facilities installed, and arrange for her training.
04.10.17 WELL COMMISSIONS
Every well/bore hole area
comprises:
- The well or bore hole itself
- The backup hand pump installation
- The washing area
- The enclosure for PV systems and supports
- A guard system for the PV installations
The
well commission, elected by the tank commissions, supervises the use of the
structures common to the water supply system, and carries out minor maintenance
operations such as cleaning washing areas, well areas, and backup hand pump
systems. The well commission also regulates use of the well area in case of
crisis or calamity. It collectively receives a small monthly payment in the
local LETS currency (e.g. the equivalent of Euro 5 per month) which it is free
to spend as it wishes. Since women enjoy the greatest benefits from the
execution and on-going management of the project, they should provide most of
the well commission members.
The
well commission will nominate one of its members to liaise with the system
maintenance structures set up and with those responsible at tank commission
level for maintenance.
The well
commissions will nominate a female candidate from their own area to monitor the
cooperative inspection of the sanitation, rainwater harvesting, and cooking
facilities carried out at tank commission level, and arrange for her training.
The
well commissions elect the central project management unit.
04.10.18
AFRICA A.H.E.A.D.
This
NGO originally from Zimbabwe and for political reasons now operating under the
name Africa AHEAD will adapt and supply the material for the Health Clubs
The
Community Health Clubs will be set up, and local health workers trained to lead
the hygiene education courses during a Moraisian organizational workshop.
A
hygiene education course for use in the schools in the project area will be
developed the same way, and health workers and teachers trained to apply it.
04.10.19
THE GYSPUM COMPOSITES SPECIALIST
The gypsum composites
specialist invited to participate will usually be Mr E.F.Meuleman from the
Netherlands who developed the technology and is willing to make it available
free of charge to bona-fide integrated development projects in developing
countries..
The specialist will act as
consultant during the Organization Workshop during which the local gypsum
composite production units in the
project area will be set up, and independently negotiate any conditions for
technology transfer.
04.10.20 MEDICAL COMMISSIONS
Medical commissions will
supervise installations supplied to clinics under the project. They will report
to the tank commission where the clinic is situated. They will where required
arrange with the Project Coordinator collection of special medical waste
products.
04.10.21 TEACHERS
COMMISSIONS
Teachers commissions will
supervise installations supplied to schools under the project.
They will support and apply
the approved hygiene education courses in the schools.
They will report to the tank
commissions where the school is located.
04.10.22 THE AUDITING
COMMISSION
The auditing commission is
set up by the local NGO to review the work of the local NGO in monitoring
project progress. It will have 5-7 members, some of which may be nominated (and
paid by) by the external funding agency. Other members include (list the members,
if known). The commission has full powers of inspection.
The auditing commission
answers to the external funding agency and to the independent auditor.
04.10.23 THE INDEPENDENT
AUDITOR
The independent auditor
Financing parties may nominate an independent auditor to co-sign payment
authorisations made by the project. The independent auditor answers to external
funding agency, and informs the
auditing commission and the project NGO of its actions.
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