Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail: (nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 11: 28
September 2006
05.35 Smoke
hazard elimination structures.
Aeration, and in particular the elimination of
smoke in and around homes in developing countries is one of the most important
aspects for a healthy life. It is widely
overlooked.
In poor countries, and in particular in Africa, the
most widely used source of energy is biomass in the form of wood, charcoal,
crop wastes, and animal dung. 2.4 billion people use this biomass for cooking
purposes. If coal is included the figure becomes 3 billion. This causes at
least 1.6 million deaths per year (ITDG rapport “Smoke –
The Killer in the Kitchen”, 2003; see also WHO World Health Report 1992;)
including nearly a million children. The level of air pollution in the homes of
the poorest in developing countries can be 100 times higher than the maximum
acceptable levels for health purposes. An article in “The Lancet”, edition 6
December 2003, “Report highlights hazard of smoke from
indoor fires” reports:
“... extensive and long term exposure to combustion
products in confined environments is a major cause of disease .... this is a
priority area for research and prevention measures”.
Not only individual homes but entire villages
are subjected to the smoke hazard two or three times per day around the time
when meals are being prepared.
Projects under the Model must therefore
introduce locally built high efficiency cooking stoves to reduce and if
possible eliminate the smoke hazard from family homes and villages. The
ecological advantages and CO2 savings initiatives relating to and the economic
aspects of the introduction of high efficiency stoves in project areas are
discussed in detail in chapter 4.
Construction
of mini-briquettes.
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structures.
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study purposes.
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