Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener
50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating innovative
social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive structures,
numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for women in
poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not the key that
opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The Natural
Economic Order
Revised English edition, Peter
Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 11:
DRAWING OF STOVE MADE
FROM GYPSUM COMPOSITES.
Cooking
is the most energy-intensive activity in most developing countries. Nearly all
the fuel used for the comes from bio-mass, usually wood. Population growth and
migration of people from the countryside to densely populated slums on the
fringes of large cities have serious consequences, including health dangers,
air-pollution, de-forestation and poverty.
For
example, wood often has to be brought great distances, sometimes hundreds of
kilometres, by trucks using imported fuel. It then has to be distributed. This
wood is expensive and the money to buy it leaves the local economy creating a
downward poverty spiral. Fuel costs are often the biggest budget item of
families in the developing countries.
Local
production of highly efficient stoves under local LETS systems can eliminate or
at least substantially reduce the need to import wood into the project area.
Under the project proposals wood will not be needed at all. The benefits of just
this single project item are dramatic, including:
-
elimination of smoke hazards (the
cause of more deaths in the world than all water-borne and infectious diseases
together) in and around users’ homes.
-
reduction of fire risks.
-
reduction of risks of accidental burning and scolding, especially of young
children.
-
halting the depletion of forests.
- helping to stop erosion.
- reducing
the CO2 emissions.
- reducing smog formation in cities, towns and villages.
- releasing users from an unsustainable financial burden.
- using (some
of) the financial saving to finance this whole development project.
-
possibility of earning carbon emission reduction certificates for sale under the
Kyoto Treaty.
The
proposed highly efficient gypsum composite stoves will reduce the bio-mass
needed for cooking by up to 60%. The stoves will run with any kind of fuel.
Importantly, the reduced bio mass needed to fuel them can be 100% locally
produced, creating jobs to grow it, to make mini-briquettes for cooking and to
distribute the briquettes. The production of bio-mass for cooking must not
affect the production of local fertiliser for agriculture.
Gypsum
composite stoves have been preferred to solar cookers (though these can always
be offered as an option) because the use of solar energy for cooking does not
always coincide with users' eating habits. The stoves also allow people to
retain their customary cooking methods and preferred pot and pan sizes, and are
better adapted to preparing traditional staple foods. They incorporate heat
level control, and will allow circulation of smoke so that the heat in the smoke
is utilised.
The
stoves will be locally sized to suit the two or three most commonly used pots
and pans. Each family will buy as many stoves as it needs and can afford using
the local LETS currencies.
a)
Temperatures to 300 degrees C.
b)
Heating and cooling cycles twice a day for at least five
years.
c)
Thermal resistance between warm
inner fire wall and cooler external wall.
d)
Ecological production in low cost labour intensive local production units with
100% local value added
e) Recycling of unwanted (old) items and parts to make new products.
The
stoves burn any sort of fuel. The project provides for locally manufactured
mini-briquettes to be used. The recipes for the mini-briquettes are expected to
vary from one local LETS system to another depending on the materials actually
available and local cooking customs. The burning speed will be controlled by
adding water and/or vegetable oils and/or animal fats and/or dung and/or salt.
Several kinds of mini-briquettes might be available to suit the different
cooking jobs.
The
mini-briquettes will be made from local waste materials like straw, leaves,
sticks, paper, and dung. Suitable fast-growing crops will also be planted to
produce enough local bio-mass to make the mini-briquettes needed in the project
area. Using the LETS currency systems, the growers will either sell the crops
directly to mini-briquette manufacturers or to tradesmen equipped to treat the
bio-mass to make it suitable to use in briquettes.
BIO-MASS
FOR PURE PLANT OILS
Mini-briquettes
can also be made from press-cake waste from the local pressing of crops (such as
hemp, soy-beans, oil palm, coconut palm, rapeseed, peanuts) for pure plant oil
(PPO) for use with suitably adapted Diesel motors and generators.
Mini-briquette
production for energy efficient stoves can therefore be economically combined
with the local production of pure plant oil (PPO) for small-scale electricity
generation and Diesel motor requirements.
For
more information on recent development in appropriate small-scale bio-fuels
technologies refer to the Fact-Fuels
website.
Where
their use is not in conflict with local eating habits, solar cookers will be
built under the LETS systems for daytime cooking.
The
solar cooker recipients will be made from gypsum composites.
Forward: Project-level
radio station.
List of drawings and
graphs.
Typical list of maps.
List of key
words.
List of
abbreviations used.
Documents for
funding applications.
