Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener
50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating innovative
social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive structures,
numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for women in
poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not the key that
opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The Natural
Economic Order
Revised English edition, Peter
Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 12:
Existing
drinking water facilities in the project area.
There
are (number) water supply systems in the project area. These facilities are
described village by village in the analyses of
drinking water requirements.
The
people in (the project area) do not enjoy adequate hygiene education, sanitation
or clean drinking water.
Women
and children often have to carry water over several (how many) kilometres from
contaminated sources to their houses. Much time is wasted fetching dirty water
which is then usually drunk with all its pathogens without treatment and without
being boiled. The way water is provided has other social implications too. The
time and effort spent by women on fetching water could be used to improve the living conditions
of their families in other ways.
Poor
water quality throughout the project area spreads diseases such as (name the
diseases). The cost of fighting these often deadly water-related diseases takes
up a large slice of the family incomes. A goal of the project is to reduce
water-borne disease so medical and financial resources can be re-directed to
other health objectives like vaccination programmes and preventive medicines.
Resulting diseases also affect the quality of life and the productivity of the
people.
Supply
of readily accessible clean drinking water for personal and household use will
improve the health of the whole population and ease the pressure of work on
women.
The
project includes gypsum composite production units whose first job will be to
make water storage tanks and, where necessary, well linings for the
project.
List of drinking water
requirements.
The assessment of drinking water requirements is carried out on the
basis of an average distance not exceeding 10-200 meters between each home and a
drinking water point. A basic drinking water supply of at least 25 litres per
person per day is foreseen. A further 25 litres per person per day is usually
made available as a back-up at protected boreholes and wells, which are placed further away. The project also provides for domestic
rainwater harvesting systems designed to supply an extra 25 litres per person
per day of non-potable water for personal uses such as washing and cleaning.
Water is not required for sanitation purposes, as dry composting eco-sanitation
toilet systems are expected to be used.
Example
of calculation of drinking water requirements.
(Village
name).
See
map (refer to map in the maps files).
a)
Inhabitants.
(number) family groups,
(number) population.
Drinking water supply required @ 25 litres per person per day = (amount)
liters/day.
b)
Source
of nearest electricity supply.
c)
Available
clean drinking water supply
(boreholes)(wells)(handpumps).
d)
Social
structures.
There are also:
(number) Primary schools
--How many
children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school
already supplied with water? Give details
--Is the school
connected to the electricity network?
(number)
Intermediate schools
--How many
children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school
already supplied with water? Give details
--Is the school
connected to the electricity network?
(number)
Hospitals/clinics
--Number of beds?
--Number of nurses and
doctors
--Daily
number of visitors?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity
network?
--Water
requirements??
(number) Tourist
attractions.
--Number of persons present
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to
electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number) Market
places.
--Number of persons present? How
often? How long?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number) Churches, mosques,
temples
(Description of
use)
e)
Adaptation
existing water supply?
How
can existing water supply structures be brought within the project
structures?
Are
there any ownership restrictions?
How
can they be solved?
f) New
drinking water supply.
From
several (number) large diameter wells or boreholes, pump a total of (amount)m3
of drinking water per day.
g) Siting of
boreholes/wells.
(List indicative sites of each well or borehole).
h) Pump installations in
each well or borehole.
Each
well with (number) Solar Spring (or
a suitable alternative) high pressure solar pumps, for a total of (number) solar
pumps for all of the wells and boreholes together.
The
solar pumps installed in each well are dedicated according to the following
criteria:
1.
One
solar pump dedicated to a water tank installation supplying each (number,
usually 200-300) users, being
(number, usually 40-50) families.
2.
Schools
in each well commission area : one solar pump dedicated to a drinking water tank installation for
each school.
3.
Clinics
in each well commission area : TWO
DEDICATED PUMPS each serving one drinking water tank with (at least 15m3 per
day).
4.
Important
market places, tourist attractions,
public buildings. Separate systems may be installed where the number of
users justifies them.
Each
well with triple unit inertia (or alternative hydraulic) back-up
hand-pump-system next to it, for a total of (number) hand pumps for all of the
wells and boreholes together. In wells or boreholes serving very small
communities, a single unit back-up hand-pump may be
sufficient.
i) The average expected distance
between each well or borehole listed in f) and the solar pumps installed in it
in g) is : (number) metres.
j) Description of each well
or borehole system.
-
The
well or borehole itself.
-
(Number)
solar pumps with accompanying electronics.
-
Photovoltaic
panel sets being ( indicate peaks watts to be installed – usually 300-400 Wp) (number (usually 4 panels
with a nominal rating between 75 and 100Wp) for each solar pump installed,
together with panel support fitted with a multipoint hand tracking system.
-
Fence
or similar around PV panel installations.
A triple hand-pump system as
backup. (In very small communities a single unit back-up hand-pump may be
sufficient.)
-
A
hand pump platform.
-
A
washing place.
-
Sink
pits for water drainage.
-
Paths
for users, whose feet must always remain dry.
-
Simple
accommodation for guardians.
-
Any
other buildings for well-commission level services which may be installed in the
well or borehole area. An example of these is the local money system transaction
registration units.
-
Any
communal gardens for the recycling of waste water run-off.
k)
Description
of each drinking water tank installation.
-
The
drinking water tank itself with its
fittings.
-
The
base for the water tanks.
-
A
water tank access area with drainage. Users’ feet must always remain
dry.
-
Sink
pits for water drainage.
-
UV
purification devices for tanks supplying clinics and
schools.
-
The
(imbedded) feed-pipe leading from the well or borehole to the drinking water
tank installation.
-
Any
communal gardens for the recycling of waste water run-off.
l)
Well
commission ownership.
Ownership
of the following structures is vested in each well
commission:
-
The
ground where the well or borehole installations are
placed.
-
The
well or borehole itself.
-
The
fence or similar around PV panel installations.
The back-up hand pump
system.
-
The
hand pump platform.
-
The
washing place.
-
The
sink pits for water drainage.
-
The
paths for users, whose feet must always remain dry.
-
The
simple accommodation for guardians.
-
Any
ground and communal gardens used for the recyling of waste water
run-off.
m)
Tank
commission ownership.
Ownership of the following structures is vested in each tank
commission:
-
The
solar pump with accompanying electronics serving the drinking water tank.
-
The
photovoltaic panel set ,and its supports, serving the drinking water
tank.
-
The
drinking water tank itself with its
fittings.
-
The
base for the water tanks.
-
The
water tank access area with drainage. Users’ feet must always remain
dry.
-
The
sink pits for water drainage.
-
UV
purification devices (for tanks supplying clinics and
schools).
-
The
(imbedded) feed-pipe leading from the well or borehole to the drinking water
tank installation.
-
Any
communal gardens for the recycling of waste water run-off.
For
a diagram of the proposed water supply structures refer to:
DRAWING OF WATER
SUPPLY STRUCTURES.
This
project will be decentralised. About (part of 35) large diameter wells will be
dug using local labour, construction methods and materials supplied under the
local LETS systems and (part of 35)
large diameter boreholes drilled by a specialist operator.
About
6-9 solar submersible horizontal
axis piston pumps or equivalent will be installed in each well or borehole.
Each of the pumps will supply water to a dedicated water tank serving a local
community. The
well is the hub of the supply system. The water pipelines radiating from it
are its spokes.
Schools
will each receive one dedicated tank. Clinics, for further safety, will be
served by two tanks, each with its own pump.
Each
of the (35) well/borehole sites will be equipped with back-up hand-pumps. (Refer
to section 09.22 for a description
of a recommended hydraulic hand-pump system). The hand-pumps will provide
drinking water during unusually long periods of bad weather and in emergencies.
A
communal washing area will be built near each well so that women used to doing
their washing in groups can continue to do so. The backup hand-pumps may also be
used to service the washing areas.
The
water supply is based on a water consumption of (25) litres per person per day.
Since solar energy is to be used to pump the water, bad weather must be taken
into account. For that reason, the tanks need to have a capacity for three days'
use. Each tank will supply about (200) people. The capacity required to give
(25) litres per day to (200) people for three days is (15) m3, the planned size
of the tanks. Supplementary water
supply at the well/borehole sites provides another (25) litres per person per
day. Rainwater harvesting will
supply another (25 litres) per
family per day. Harvested rainwater is not potable without special filtering. It
is therefore intended for general personal
uses.
Forward:
agricultural production and food storage facilities in the project area.
List of drawings and
graphs.
Typical list of maps.
List of key
words.
List of
abbreviations used.
Documents for
funding applications.
