ONG Stichting Bakens Verzet (Une Autre Voie), 1018 AM Amsterdam, Pays Bas.
Cette
œuvre a été mise à la disposition du public général aux termes d’une licence
Creative Commons
Attribution-Non-commercial-Share Alike
3.0 Licence.
VIVONS TOUGAN
Edition
01 : 27 January,
201.
Quelques
aspects relatifs au renforcement des capacités (« capacity
building »)
Sur le travail du sociologue Brésilien Clodomir
Santos de Morais, lisez :
Informations sur les ateliers
de capacitation (anglais).
Bibliographie sur les ateliers
de capacitation (anglais).
Capacity building
«Capacity building » a neologism of
uncertain parentage .... is, a transitive,
interventionist and development-inducing concept, well within the parameters of
mainstream development practice. Capacity building or development of capacity is the
language and strategy now used at all levels. This notwithstanding, it is, as
Southern critics like to point out, a “concept used by Northerners towards
Southerners, with reference to others rather than themselves, and within a
context which sees Southern development organizations as local implementing
agents for Northern policies. In this sense, «capacity »
refers largely to the «absorption capacity » of Southern
organizations. ” Carmen. R. And Sobrado M., Those Who don’t Eat and those who don’t Sleep,
A Future for the Excluded, Zed Books,
London, 2008. (Citation de Kaplan, A : «The
development of capacity », NGLS Development
Dossier, Palais des Nations, Suisse.
)
Why
a Method That Has Shown Such Excellent Results Has Not Spread
More Widely.
«Capacity building » or «organizing
and training for the promotion of people’s initiatives and capacities »
are mottos readily subscribed to by agencies all over the world, and with
access to multi-million dollar resources, all with disappointingly meagre results. This has been the case not only in the
so-called «developing » countries, but also with the poor and
excluded in the «developed » world. Clodomir
de Morais has achieved unrivalled results and
successes in this very field, and in three continents, wherever his vision and
interpretation of reality, his method of capacitation
and his programmes for job creation and income
generation have been applied over the last
quarter-century. It is a real mystery, then, as to why his achievements have
passed almost unnoticed. Especially by the aforementioned agencies, and why his
method has not become standard practice all over the world.
«The first reason lies, we think, in the fact that a method that offers
a sure-fire way of developing the autonomous capacities of the poor annoys
those organizations and institutions that appear to operate according to a more
or less cleverly disguised clientelist hidden agenda.
This autonomous capacity goes against the grain, not only of the vested
interests of the powers that be, but also of the culture of dependency and
slavish conformity that is typical of a mutually reinforcing clientelist culture, typical of experts who put the
organizations they are working for at their own service rather than serving
them.
«A second inhibiting factor and one that, we think, has weighed
extremely heavily is the conceptual mode and language, a throw-back to the
1950s, in which the Theory of Organization is couched. Even
though Clodomir’s discourse, from a purist
Marxist-Leninist perspective, is ideologically unorthodox in that he bases his
theory and practice on the organizational capacities of people and not on the
principles of class struggle, this mere association was enough to brand him and
his ideas as instruments of «the Evil Empire », which was then only too
easy for politicians and development experts who, for whatever reason, felt
that his ideas needed rejecting......
«Third, de Morais’ vision and method .... were starved, for too long, of the proper research, systemization, conceptualization,
theory-building and dissemination that might have made him more accessible to
social scientists.... » Sobrado M., Clodomir
Santos de Morais : The Origins of the
Large-Scale Capacitation Theory and Method, A Future
for the Excluded, ed. Carmen. R. And Sobrado M., Zed Books,
Assistentialism
«The total ignorance about [those] elementary sociological principles
that have demonstrated their great operational value in the design and
evaluation of projects is also a deplorable fact of life in the so-called
developed countries as in the rest of the world.
« Here, as elsewhere, assistentialist
policies and assistentialist experts peddling their
interventionist recipes abound. Much-trumpeted «empowerment » or
«capacity-building » often boils down to little more than technical
training courses that keep young unemployed boys off the street, or, at best,
get them the occasional salaried job. Alternatively, clusters of training
modules and services around the micro-enterprise cure-all are
provided. » Sobrado M., The OW’s :Potential : Concluding Observations, A
Future for the Excluded, ed. Carmen. R.
And Sobrado M.,
Zed Books,
Retour à :
Le projet Vivons Tougan et les problèmes du
temps.
La table
complète des matières.