Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating innovative
social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive structures,
numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for women in
poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 10:
The
final budget balance for the drinking water supply structures will be prepared
during the organisational workshop.
The
indicative budget typically includes the following items, expressed in Euro.
Together they generally represent about 40%-45% of the project's formal
currency capital goods investments. The form of this budget is expected to vary
greatly from one project to another. The material below is intended to list
some of the factors which are likely to be taken into consideration.
Notes:
a)
The cost of the capacitation workshop for drinking water supply structures is about Euro 25.000. This is addition
to the items included in the list below.
b)
The vehicles and materials in item 30105, the spare parts in item 30301, and
the pick-up costs in item 40105 refer to works carried out by the local
populations under the local money systems. The use of vehicles and equipment
for professional drilling of boreholes are included in the lump sum per metre
in item 70101.
c)
Item 60904 represents formal money and local population contributions to the
cost of the main project offices, compound and depot.
d)
Most gypsum-composite based products for drinking water installations will be
made by the gypsum-composite production units foreseen in each project application.
These production units must therefore be in operation before the installation
of the drinking water supply structures can be completed.
|
Budget item |
Activity |
Amount in Euro |
Population (Euro) |
Total(Euro) |
|
30301 |
Spare parts vehicle item
3.01.05 |
1.000 |
0 |
1.000 |
|
40105 |
4.01.05 Pickup 100km/day x
700 days 70000 km @ Euro 0.25 |
17.500 |
0 |
17.500 |
|
40404 |
Permits et formalities |
500 |
0 |
500 |
|
60901 |
Water points (LETS) |
12.000 |
27.000 |
39.000 |
|
60902 |
Setting up base structures |
3.600 |
7.600 |
11.200 |
|
60904 |
Washing points (LETS) |
2.000 |
6.000 |
8.000 |
|
60905 |
Hand pump platforms (LETS) |
2.000 |
6.000 |
8.000 |
|
60906 |
Enclosures and structures 32
well areas, accommodation guards. (Local purchases). |
15.000 |
12.000 |
27.000 |
|
60908 |
Panel supports (189) |
7.000 |
6.000 |
13.000 |
|
60909 |
Laying pipelines (200.000m) |
0 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
|
60914 |
189 Water tanks capacity
15m3 |
8.500 |
19.500 |
28.000 |
|
60915 |
189 Water tank bases |
0 |
10.000 |
10.000 |
|
60916 |
Supervision of
l'installation and training of maintenance artisans |
2.500 |
2.500 |
5.000 |
|
60918 |
Installation water tanks |
0 |
12.500 |
12.500 |
|
60919 |
Maintenance water
installations first 24 months |
0 |
3.500 |
3.500 |
|
60920 |
Installation water
purification equipment in
clinics |
0 |
1.050 |
1.050 |
|
60921 |
Other water purification
installations (pro memorium) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
60923 |
Water quality testing first
24 months |
0 |
2.400 |
2.400 |
|
30105 |
Vehicles and materials |
25.000 |
0 |
25.000 |
|
70101 |
Construction 32
boreholes/wells internal diameter. 8” 2500m @ Euro 150 |
375.000 |
0 |
375.000 |
|
70203 |
200 Solar pumps including
electronic controllers |
207.000 |
0 |
207.000 |
|
70204 |
Solar panels (189*300 W =
56.7 kW) |
200.000 |
0 |
200.000 |
|
70205 |
96 stainless steel hand
pumps |
80.000 |
0 |
80.000 |
|
70206 |
Cables/feed pipes for
pumps/wells |
40.000 |
0 |
40.000 |
|
70207 |
Feedpipe from wells to tanks
150000m @ Euro 0.50. Voir 7.02.07 |
75.000 |
0 |
75.000 |
|
70208 |
Spare parts stocks for pumps |
24.000 |
0 |
24.000 |
|
70209 |
Purification equipments for
schools |
43.900 |
0 |
43.900 |
|
60922 |
Water quality checking
equipment. See 7.02.20 |
7.500 |
0 |
7.500 |
|
70304 |
International transport
international |
46.000 |
0 |
46.000 |
|
70305 |
National transport |
46.000 |
0 |
46.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
1.204.400 |
132.050 |
1.336.450 |
Funds
eventually not used will be added to project reserves and circulated in the
form of interest-free micro-credits to increase local productivity. For
example, certain materials and equipment may be locally available.
The
workshop may take the following technical aspects into consideration:
02.
A few details to consider.
01.
Establishing base camp and stores
02. Forming the supervisory team for wells and drilling
Personnel
: team made up of 6 people
-Team leader brigade
-2 x drivers/mechanics
-3 x part-time workers
03.
Assemble well work groups
Personnel
: 4 teams each with 7 men:
-Group leader
-Lining worker
-5 labourers
04
Some inventory items
Some
of these items are budget-listed above. Others come under the per metre cost in
item 70101. Ownership in capital goods purchased by the project for the
construction and maintenance of wells, boreholes and drinking water
installations passes to the construction and maintenance cooperatives set up
during the capacitation workshop foreseen. These inventory items are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. The cooperatives pay the formal money
capital cost of the equipment into the Local Cooperative Development Fund over
an agreed period. They can pay this money out of their monthly formal money
allowance, part of the project revenues, and/or by doing some work for formal
money outside the project area until the seed capital is repaid. After
repayment, they can gradually build up a reserve to cover replacement
and/or extension of their equipment.
Ownership of water tanks,
tank supports, pumps, pipelines, and photovoltaic generators is vested in the
local tank commissions. These inventory items are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices.
Ownership of water sources,
well areas, back-up hand pumps, platforms, washing places, guards’
accommodation is vested in the well commissions. These inventory items are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Truck 7 ton
Double cabin 4x4
Drilling equipment
Generators
Welding group
Compressor
Air pressure pumps
Hydraulic hammers
Heads for hammers
Lengths 20m pipe dia.25mm
Lengths 20m pipe diam.19mm
Vibration head (diameter).
Motor
Winches
Containers 50 litre
Forms
Tools
Cutting group
Form for platforms
Forms for gypsum composite
items
Materials.
Gypsum/anhydrite
Steel as necessary
Sand and shingle
Wood and various
05
WELL/BOREHOLE CONSTRUCTION (15 MONTHS)
It
is assumed that boreholes do not need to be drilled in all cases. Hand dug
wells can be built under the local money systems set up. They therefore reduce
project costs. Costs for each
project application will vary sharply.
Works
-Boreholes
8" internal diameter : construction of 2500 meters @ Euro 150/meter is
foreseen with a budget of Euro
375.000
-Hand dug wells indicatively external diameter 2m; internal diameter 1.8m.
-Linings
-Well platform 0.5m high as per drawings
Personnel
and fuel . Personnel will usually operate as a cooperative set up during a
capacitation workshop.
Employer/employee relationships are not foreseen under the Model.
Head
of brigade
4 x group leaders
4 x lining workers
20x labourers
2 x drivers/mechanics
3 x part-time labourers
Diesel for truck 100km/day
Petrol for (Toyota???) 150km/day
Fuel for drilling equipment
Unforeseen
Forecast
group 5 : Euro 375.000. Contributions by populations under the local money
systems will need to be taken into account needed. They may lead to some
reduction in the cost of Euro 375.000 foreseen, so no extra cost has been added.
Ownership of water sources
is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
06
BUILDING OF PLATFORMS FOR HANDPUMPS
The
platforms can be sited next to the wells since the chosen hand pumps work with
bends in the feed pipe.
Material
necessary :
-2.25m3 gypsum composite x 200 installations = 225m3 of composite.
-Piece of polyethylene other pipe for drainage to sink pit.
-Stones for sink pit.
-Access to the hand pumps and the platform areas shall be laid out with shingle
paths so that the users' feet do not get wet.
Both
the platforms themselves and the labour will fall under the local money LETS
systems
Costs
group 6 : Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro
8.000
Ownership of platforms is
vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
07
BUILDING OF ABOUT 32 WASHING PLACES
The
washing places will be placed near the wells. No decision has been taken as to
whether the water for the washing places is to come from the handpumps or whether
solar pumps with tanks be installed for the purpose. The washing places must
meet hygiene criteria with:
Hygienic
drainage of water to a sink pit or to gardens
Surfaces hygienic and easy to keep clean
No contact between users' feet and water on the ground or water on or around
the washing place.
The
washing places will be built and installed under the local money LETS systems.
Costs group 7 : Reserve Euro 2000; local
populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000
Ownership of washing places
is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
08
AREAS AROUND THE WELLS
The
area around the wells must be well protected against unauthorised access by
persons and access by animals.
The
wells themselves must be completely sealed off against insects and anything
that could cause contamination of the water.
Access
to the PV panels should not be permitted. Fences and/or other protection must
be used. In connection with the risk of theft, the panels should always be
under the supervision of members of the well commissions.
Individual
PV panels may be fitted with a "chip" enabling recovery in case of
theft. The glass of the panels may be engraved in the centre with the name of
the project to further discourage theft.
Accommodation
for the guards has to be built. It is also likely that LETS transactions
centres also be construction in or near to the well compounds.
Enclosures
and accommodation for guards Euro 15000; local populations Euro 12.000 for a
total of Euro 27.000.
Costs
group 8 : Euro 27.000
Ownership of well areas is
vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
09
LAYING OF PIPELINES TO THE TANK INSTALLATIONS
From
each well, about 6-8 hygienic pipelines will be laid to the tanks situated near
the homes of the users. In some cases these pipelines may be several kilometres
long. The various separate pipelines will run through a common shallow trench
for as far as possible, and then branch off each pipeline in a separate shallow
trench over the last few hundred meters to its dedicated tank installation. A
few extra lengths of pipeline can be laid in the common sections of trench for
use should installations later be changed or in case of damage to a pipeline in
use. Obstacles such as roads and rivers are to be avoided. In case of risk that
a trench be crossed by vehicles, appropriate protection for the pipelines shall
be used.
The
trenches can be dug by the users themselves against payment under the local
money systems set up. Local
contribution Euro 20.000
Costs
of pipelines
Costs of double rapid couplings
Costs of protection materials
Total
costs group 9 Euro 75.000 for the feed pipe and Euro
20.000 for laying it, for a total of Euro 95.000
Ownership
of each pipeline installation is vested in the tank commission it serves.
Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation
practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative
Local Development Fund.
10
INSTALLATION OF TANKS (ABOUT 200 x 15.000 LITERS)
Cheaper and better
alternatives to concrete tanks will be used. These will be spherical tanks made
from (hygienic) gypsum composite, made locally in a factory to be set up within
the project itself. The tanks will be placed on solid supports. Each tank will
be fitted with two sets of stainless steel two ball valves. The combination of
spherical tanks and supports will offer resistance to all foreseeable weather
conditions.
Costs of tanks
200 x 15.000 litre tanks
reserve Euro 8.500, local contribution 19.500, total Euro 28.000
200 x tank supports, reserve for local contributions Euro 10.000
Water points
400 x 1" stainless steel
ball valves Euro 12.000; local contribution for preparation of water points
Euro 27.000
A few drainage pipes
Shingle for sink pits and paths
Total
costs tank installations Euro 65.000
Ownership
of each water tank installation is vested in the tank commission it serves.
Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation
practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative
Local Development Fund.
11.
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR- AND HANDPUMPS
Costs
|
Budget item |
Description |
Price in Euro |
|
70205 |
About 30 triple unit hand pumps to be built partially under LETS
systems |
80.000 |
|
70206 |
About
2.700m polyethylene 1 1/4" 16 bar feed pipe for hand pumps |
9.000 |
|
70206 |
About
9.000m safety rope for pumps |
4.000 |
|
70206 |
Double
rapid couplings |
1.000 |
|
70206 |
Electric
cable |
26.000 |
|
70208 |
Reserve
accessories |
15.000 |
|
70208 |
Stock
of spare parts for hand pumps |
8.000 |
|
70203 |
About
200 solar pumps |
207.000 |
|
70207 |
About
2700m polythene high pressure pipe external diameter 26mm, internal 19mm |
2.500 |
|
70208 |
Spare
parts for solar pumps |
18.000 |
|
70304 |
External
transport |
15.000 |
|
70305 |
Inland
transport |
10.500 |
|
60916 |
Supervision
installation |
2.500 |
Total
indicative cost for installation
of solar-and hand pumps Euro 398.500.
Ownership
of each solar pump is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money
costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local
Development Fund.
Ownership
of each hand-pump is vested in the well commission it serves. Formal money
costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local
Development Fund.
12
INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS
About
200 panel arrays of 48V 4 x 75Wp
in series being about 60.000Wp Euro 200.000
Panel supports Euro 7.000 (locally made)
The
following aspects concerning panels supports have to be decided:
-a) can they be made locally?
-b) will each group have its own support?
-c) which type of support?
External
transport panels Euro 15.000
Local transport panels Euro 12.000
Cost
installation of panels Euro 234.000
Ownership
of each photovoltaic installation is vested in the tank commission whose pump it
serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free)
amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the
Cooperative Local Development Fund.
13
INSTALLATION OF UV WATER PURIFICATION UNITS (SCHOOLS AND CLINICS)
The
water is clean when it reaches the tank installations. The reason for the tank
installations is that the following must be taken into account:
-a) Users need water to be available 24 hours per day.
-b) A water reserve must slowly be built up in case of bad weather (three
days).
-c) The capacity of the tanks must be in line with the capacity of the pumps.
-d) If water is kept in a tank for several days, however well protected against
infection it is, steps should be taken in specific cases to ensure it stays
clean. UV purification systems are therefore foreseen for schools and clinics
within the framework of phase 3 of the project. If sufficient finance is
available, similar protection can be used in the other tank installations in
phase 3, otherwise it can be installed (under an eventual phase 4) later on.
Installation
will be done under the local money systems.
For
installations of purification installations in clinics and schools Euro 43.900 is foreseen with a local contribution of Euro 1.050 Total Euro 44.950
Ownership
of each water purification is vested in the tank commission where the school or
clinic it serves is situated. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
14
WATER QUALITY TESTING EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS.
The
water testing equipment is a part of the formal money investment in the water
supply structures. The collection of samples and coordination is carried out by
the people. The testing itself is
to be done in one of the clinics.
The
cost of the water testing is budgeted at Euro 7.500. Water quality testing over
the first 24 months is expected to call for a local contribution of Euro 2.400.
Total
for group 9 is therefore Euro 9.900
Ownership
of water quality testing equipment
is vested in the central project management, which is also responsible for the
quality testing structure. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
15
TRAINING OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER STRUCTURES
Training
will be carried out during the Water Supply workshop.
The
training is expected to involve a formal money contribution of Euro 2.500 and a
local contribution of Euro 2.500 for a total of Euro 5.000.
Maintenance
of the water structures will be carried out under the local money systems with
a local contribution for the first 24 months of Euro 3.500
On-going
operation costs are included in the analysis
of systematic outgo.
Section 7.40 Annual formal money income of
the project.
Section 7.30 Systematic formal
expenses of the project.
Section 6.2 Drinking water
structures.
List of drawings and graphs.
Typical list of maps.
List of key words.
List of abbreviations used.
Documents for funding
applications.