NGO Another Way
(Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
SELF-FINANCING,
ECOLOGICAL, SUSTAINABLE, LOCAL INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FOR THE WORLD’S
POOR
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FREE
E-COURSE FOR DIPLOMA IN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT |
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MODEL (PROJECT) FOR
SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGICAL SELF-FINANCING INTEGRATED RURAL AND POOR URBAN
DEVELOPMENT FOR THE WORLD'S POOR.
Sustainable fully
ecological self-financing poverty reduction in rural and poor urban
environments, incorporating an innovative package of social, financial, and
productive structures, with basic services necessary for a good quality of life
for all, a leading role for women, and numerous renewable energy applications.
Version 02 : 14 May,
2012
01.02 SIMPLE SUMMARY FOR
(INTEREST-FREE LOAN FINANCED) SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGICAL
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
(NAME AND PLACE OF PROJECT)
Short project
description.
The proposed
project [name] applies to [name of project area]. This is a poor area in one of
the poorest countries in the world. Its population is about 50.000 people. This
is enough to provide opportunities for specialisation of production of goods
and services and a market for them according to the anthropological bases of
the Model for Integrated Development projects.
Structures to be created
include:
Social structures, being about [200]
Health Clubs, about [200] tank commissions, about 40 well commissions, a
central commission with project management, and a three-tiered social security
structure;
Financial structures, including a local
money system, an interest-free and cost-free micro-credit structure for
productivity development, and cooperative purchasing groups;
Service structures for a good basic
quality of life for all, including the installation and maintenance of about
[200] solar drinking water supply systems with 100% hand-pump back-up
structures at [40] well points, ecological sanitation and waste recycling structures,
structured social health and education services for all;
and Productive structures, including gypsum
composite production units, structures for the production of biomass and
mini-briquettes for cooking, full food security, afforestation and
reforestation initiatives under the CDM mechanism, and a local radio station.
The
structures are all set up, run, maintained, and where necessary paid for over
time by the local people themselves. They meet and surpass all but one
[vaccinations under goal 6] of the Millennium Goals. Together they form a
cooperative, interest-free, local economic environment where individual
initiative and competition are free to flourish.
Once
the social and financial structures, and in particular the local money system,
are in place, individuals, families, and cooperatives have the means and tools
available to take whatever productive initiatives they wish. With the local
money system in place there is no limit to the number and value of transactions
for local goods and services for local consumption.
The project
structures are created in a critical order of sequence using the mass
capacitation workshop method devised by the Brazilian sociologist Clodomir
Santos de Morais. The first structures to be created are the local health
clubs. Apart from on-going hygiene education courses, these serve to provide
women with a platform to organise themselves and vote en bloc for the election
of the tank (or local development) commissions, each of which represents about
50 families (250 people). Most of the tank commission members should therefore
be women.
The first level (or
tank) commissions nominate the second level (or well) commissions, each of
which represents about 1500 people. Since most of the members of the tank commissions
should be women, they are likely to nominate women to the well commissions.
Each well commission in turn nominates a member to the third level structure,
which is the central committee or project parliament. Since most of the members
of the well commissions should be women, they are likely to nominate a woman to
the project parliament. Most of the [40]
members of the project parliament should therefore be women. Through this
procedure, a prominent role for women is assured in all project structures at
all levels.
All the basic structures
created operate vertically over all (three) of the planned, anthropologically
justified administrative levels.
The subsidiarity
principle for the organisation and specialisation of tasks is applied. While
each structure operates entirely autonomously at each level in its own way and
its own speed, basic activities and duties are common to all like structures.
This principle applies to other integrated development projects as well. This
means that the planning and coordination of activities amongst integrated
development projects at district, regional and national levels is simplified.
It also means, for example, that while in one tank commission or well
commission area hundreds if not thousands of local money transactions take
place every day, in another a “wait and see” attitude may prevail and the local
money system there may still not even be in use. The powerful benefits of
strong, qualified leadership by some commissions should rapidly lead to
emulation by others. In this way integrated development projects are
self-educating.
The [name] project,
once it is financed, is expected to require two years for execution.
Project execution
is carried out by a single local project coordinator with help as required of
an expert in integrated development, a hygiene education expert, an expert in
capacitation workshops, an expert in gypsum composites technologies, a
hydro-geological expert, and well-drilling services. The project coordinator is
autonomous. He/she operates under the supervision of a cooperative which is
legally responsible for the financing and execution of the [name] project. This
cooperative includes the local town council and a small consortium of local and
international NGOs.
The bulk of the
project work is carried out by the local people themselves. The work is fully
paid for under the local money system set up in an early phase of project
execution.
As the various structures
created become operative, they are handed over to the permanent Cooperative for
the Management of the Project Structures. All adult residents in the project
area are automatically members of this cooperative, the organs of which are the
three-tiered elected social structures created. The Project Parliament (Central
Committee) may choose to nominate a small team for the day to day management of
the project structures.
The project
documentation includes a logical framework, detailed time schedules for each
project activity, graphs showing quarterly and annual expenditure, graphs for
each set of project activities and project phases over time, and complete
budget details with procurement plan.
The initial project
investment needed is about [€ 5.000.000], or [€ 100] per person. Of this about
[25%] is contributed by the local populations themselves. The work they do for
the project under the local money system created early in the project is
converted into Euros for budgetary purposes at the rate of € 3 for each eight-hour working day.
The initial formal
money capital investment needed for execution is therefore just [€
3.750.000] or [€ 75] per inhabitant. This money is mainly used for the purchase
of capital items which cannot be produced in the project area itself. These
items include in particular solar pumps, photovoltaic panels and feed pipes for
the [200] distributed drinking water structures.
While it is an
advantage for the local populations that all or part of the formal money funds
needed be made available to them by way of grant, initial funding can also take
the form of an interest-free ten year loan.
An innovative menu
of 13 possible CDM applications will be used as a first resort for the
repayment, where required, of the loan capital. Full details of this menu are
available at file www.integrateddevelopment.org/coursesdiplomablock8section5-09.htm
CDM menu options
include projects for CO2 savings through the reduced use of non-renewable
biomass for cooking purposes through the introduction of improved stoves, the
recovery of the [name of forest or natural parks] in the project area using
traditional species, afforestation activities in settlements in the form of
distributed planting of nut trees and fruit-trees, distributed bamboo
plantations on grasslands for productive purposes and food security, Moringa
(horseradish) plantations on marginal lands for food security, replacement of
kerosene and other lighting by small-scale decentralised renewable energy
sources (etc.). The total fund-earning potential of these CDM applications over
time is about seven times the initial capital input for the project, with a
break-even point at the end of the sixth year of project operations. All work
under the CDM mechanism will be carried out under the local money system set
up, in principle without the need for any formal money investment at all.
Full back-up as a
second resort for the repayment en bloc, where necessary, of the initial
capital investment after the first ten years of project activity is guaranteed
by the project’s cooperative local development fund. Each family makes a small
monthly contribution of [€ 0,60] per person (increasing over time to [€ 0,75]
per person) into this fund. These payments cover all of the services and
structures provided by the permanent Cooperative for the Management of the
Project Structures.
Most of these monthly
contributions are immediately redistributed to the populations in the form of
interest-free loans for productivity purposes. These loans total at least €
2.500 per family over each ten year period. The loans are also cost-free in
formal money terms, because they are managed under the local money system set
up. The fund is planned in such a way that it will have [€ 3.750.000] in its
account for the repayment, where necessary, of the initial investment loan at
the close of the first ten years of project activity.
In case of use for
loan repayment after ten years, the amount in the cooperative local development
fund is temporarily reduced towards zero. Since families continue making their
monthly contributions into the fund, the amount in the fund builds up again
during the second period of ten years as it did during the first. At the close
of the second cycle of ten years, the money in the fund can be used to pay for
the renewal of capital items and/or extension of project services. The amount
in the fund then returns towards zero again. It builds up again during the
third period of ten years…. and so on in a permanently sustainable manner and
continues to provide the local populations with on-going interest-free
micro-credit resources for productivity development.
Project goals :
The
social, financial, productive and service structures set up by the project
generate a full mobilisation of the local population. As a result hundreds, if
not thousands, of micro-projects can be put into execution contemporaneously in
the project area. For instance, the construction of [200] local primary schools
at tank commission level would involve the construction under the local money
system of just one small school building and supporting structures by the
people served by each tank commission. This could be carried out within a month
or two. Where teachers are available, up to [200] schools can be built
contemporaneously.
The goals of the
project are:
General goals include:
a) To meet and surpass all of
the Millennium Development Goals in the project area with the exception of
vaccinations under goal 6. Vaccinations and other imported medicines, while
valid, in principle cause financial leakage from the project area. That means
less initial capital is left over for investment in the project structures
and/or for on-going rotation of funds for productive local development there.
Finance for vaccinations and medicines is usually readily available through other
aid channels.
b) To create a cooperative,
interest-free, inflation-free, local economic environment in the project area
where individual initiative and genuine competition are free to flourish.
c) To achieve work for all in
the project area within three years. This includes in principle productive work
for the handicapped, and for the blind in particular.
d) To provide affordable health, sanitation and
drinking water systems created, operated, maintained and financed by the local
populations through project structures which operate entirely, except for the
centralised purchase at project level of some spare parts, under the local
money system set up.
e) To provide a three-tiered
social security system for the needy.
f) To ensure the on-going
preparation of women for participation in democratic structures and
decision-making at local, district, and national levels through active
(guaranteed) participation in the project structures.
Agriculture and food security
goals include :
a) To safely recycle urine and
faeces at household and/or local level to provide sufficient fertiliser for
growing all basic foods needed.
b) To eliminate the need for
importation of staple foods into the project area.
c) To institute [200] plant nurseries at first project
level (tank commission area) and [40] plant nurseries at intermediate project
level (well commission area) for the production of plants for CDM projects and
for local cultivation.
d) To plant between 11 and
e) To plant between 7 and
f) To plant an average of
Ecology, conservation and
energy goals include :
a) To create a sustainable
energy-neutral local economic area with 50.000 inhabitants.
b) To avoid the need to import
wood and other energy resources into the project area through the use of
sustainable locally produced energy resources.
c) To introduce about 20.000 locally produced high
efficiency cook stoves fuelled by mini-briquettes made from sustainably and
locally produced biomass, and solar cookers for daytime applications.
d) To produce at least
e) To create added value
through local integrated recycling of organic and non-organic waste.
f) To reforest the [forest or
natural reserve] in the project area, rehabilitate its flora and fauna and set
up ecological corridors with neighbouring areas.
g) To create CO2
sinks through the application in the project area of a menu of six
reforestation/afforestation methodologies under the CDM mechanism and generate
CER certificates covering the repayment (where necessary) of the initial
capital investment for the project.
h) To install at least [200]
solar photovoltaic water pumping systems for distributed drinking water supply,
and solar lighting equipment for [200] study rooms and [241] schools.
Education goals include :
a) To enable women, students
and others who wish to study in the evening to do so.
b) To use the local money
system to build up to [200] primary schools at first (tank commission level) ,
up to [40] secondary schools at second (well commission) level, and a trades
school in [place]. Find teachers for the schools, build housing for them, and
subsidise their salaries under the local money system as necessary.
c) To offer a full school
programme up to University entry level for all children and youths in the
project area and adult education, especially for women.
Finance goals include :
a) To set up a local money
system.
b) To set up an interest-free,
cost-free cooperative micro-credit system for productivity purposes operating
under the local money system.
c) To avoid financial leakage
from the project area by keeping all available financial resources (local LETS
money and formal money) revolving continuously interest-free within the
beneficiary community.
d) To stimulate on-going local
cooperative industrial and agricultural development through the productive use
of local currency (LETS) and interest-free micro-credit systems.
Health goals include :
a) To carry out a
basic hygiene education programme by establishing [200] Community Health Clubs
in the project area and promoting on-going hygiene education courses in all the
schools there.
b) To contribute to
the fight against water-related diseases through hygiene education, the supply
of appropriate sanitation, clean drinking water systems, drainage of stagnant
water, local production of mosquito nets and similar.
c) To eliminate
smoke hazards in 10.000 homes through the introduction of high efficiency
cookers and efficient grey water and waste disposal systems.
d) To use the local
money system to provide [200] basic nursing facilities at each of the
first-level (tank commission) areas, locate and/or train nurses for them, build
housing for the nurses, and subsidise their salaries as required under the
local money system.
e) [Over time, as
doctors for the job can be found ] To use the local money system to provide up
to [40] local medical centres including doctors’ accommodation facilities, and
subsidise the doctors’ salaries as required under the local money system.
f) To
provide a local basic hospital facility in [place] with up to 1 bed, and at
least 0.5 bed, for each of the [200] tank commission areas. Simple hospital
construction can be carried out under the local money system, once qualified
design and specifications for buildings suitable for the project area are
available. Support will be given under the local money system for the supply of
non-specialist services, such as guards, gardeners, cleaning services, washing
services, non-qualified kitchen services and food supply.
g) To provide a
network of [40] bicycle ambulances operating under the local money system.
h) To set up a
cooperative formal money health insurance fund operating under the local money
system to cover the cost of medicines.
Water and sanitation goals
include :
a) To provide a permanent safe
drinking water supply in the project area in all foreseeable circumstances,
including periods of drought.
b) To make safe drinking water
available within a radius of 150-200m from users' homes.
c) To install technically
appropriate dry ecological sanitation facilities (composting toilets with urine
separation) for the people in each of the 10.000 homes in the project area and
in schools and public places.
d) To provide 10.000 rainwater
harvesting systems, being one for each family in the project area.
Women’s rights goals include :
a) To reduce the work load on
women.
b) To avoid at least 1 hour
per day for the fetching of water, through the supply of [200] drinking water
points close to homes.
c) To gain 4 hours a week
through the supply of at least [40] washing facilities within easy reach of
homes.
d) To save at least 4 hours
per week by avoiding the need to fetch wood for cooking purposes, alternatively
to save at least € 0,50 per day for reduced formal money cost of fuels for
cooking.
e) To eliminate up to 2 hours
of work per day through the provision of milling facilities for staple foods.
f) To provide improved health
through the elimination of smoke in and around homes, stagnant water, and
similar.
g) To provide full educational
facilities to girls and adult-education facilities for women, including study
rooms.
h) To ensure women’s participation
in all project structures in preparation for their active participation in
local, regional, and national elections and in political decision-making.
i) To ensure economic autonomy
of women through the operation of the local money system and the interest-free
micro-credit system for productivity purposes.
Innovative aspects
of the project.
General notes :
01. The concept of
the creation of enabling social, financial, productive and service structures
as a foundation for integrated development in project areas is profoundly
innovative. The development revolution lies in the organisation of the proposed
project structures. Once the structures are in place, the local
populations will have the instruments available to be able to take their preferred
development initiatives.
02. The critical
order of sequence for the creation of project structures is vital, starting
with social structures, using the social structures to set up the financial
structures, then using the financial structures to set up production units for
locally produced items needed for the service structures, then finally the
service structures themselves.
04. The local
people themselves plan, execute, run, manage and pay for all structures. They
are assisted during the initial project execution period by a (very) small team
of experts led by a local project coordinator.
Agriculture and food security
:
01. An innovative menu of CDM
mechanisms is used both to achieve food security and to provide CO2 storage and
funds for the repayment (where necessary) of the initial capital loan.
02. The production of fertilisers
through the recycling of urine and faeces at household and/or local level is
sufficient to grow all basic foods needed.
03. The recycling of household
kitchen and garden waste at tank commission level provides food for chickens,
goats, and where socially appropriate, pigs, thereby providing variety in
diets.
04. The institution of plant
nurseries under the local money system optimises local cultivation and the use
of (local) seeds.
05. The utilisation of
plantations with fruit and nut trees, bamboo, and Moringa and Jatropha trees
provides both food security and raw materials for numerous local productive
applications. Where necessary, it can also be used to repay finance advanced
for the project.
Ecology, conservation and
energy :
01. An innovative menu of CDM
mechanisms covering different types of land use is used to fund the repayment
(where necessary) of the initial capital loan, store CO2, improve water
management and the ecological infrastructure of the project area.
03. The proposed combination
of methods and technologies is in line with the principles of Mother Earth
recently introduced by legislation in
04. Extended use is made of
sustainable energy technologies, such as widespread application of photovoltaic
energy installations.
Education :
01 It is possible
to build any required number of schools and accommodation for teachers using
local labour and materials under the local money systems. This means the
schools are cooperatively built and owned by the local populations, while at
the same time, local builders and suppliers are always fully paid for the work
they do.
02. Teachers can be
paid, or their state-paid salaries supplemented, by the local populations under
the local money system.
Finance:
01. An innovative
local money system is blended with a cooperative interest-free, cost-free,
micro-credit system operating under the local money system. This may be the
single most innovative aspect of the project proposal.
02. The local money
system is used to mobilise the local populations. All adult members of the
population are automatically members of the system, but users may always choose
whether to use the local money system or the formal money system for their
transactions. The local money system supplements and therefore does not
replace the formal money one.
03. The innovative
interest-free and cost-free micro-credit system proposed is run by the people
themselves and the funds used are theirs. Fierce social control should ensure
repayment of all loans. Conservatively based on an average pay-back time of two
years, the system generates at least € 2.500 of interest-free credits for
productivity development for each family in each period of ten years.
Health :
01. Health proposals covered
by the project are based on preventive social health action and not on curative
medicine.
02. Subject to the
availability of doctors over time, up to [40] local medical centres including
appropriate accommodation for doctors can be built under the local money systems
using local labour and materials. This means the centres are cooperatively
built and owned by the local populations, while at the same time, builders and
suppliers are always fully paid for their work.
03. Doctors can be
paid, or their state-paid salaries supplemented, by the local populations under
the local money system.
04 Up to [200]
nursing points including accommodation for nurses will be built under the local
money systems using local labour and materials. This means the nursing points
are cooperatively built and owned by the local populations, while at the same
time, builders and suppliers are always fully paid for their work.
05. Nurses can be
paid, or their state-paid salaries supplemented, by the local populations under
the local money system.
06. Medicines are
cooperatively purchased in bulk by the project according to medical
prescriptions. For the purpose a cooperative health insurance fund is set up.
Local nurses ensure the medicines are administered according to prescription.
Water and sanitation :
01. For drinking
water supply, a hub and spoke concept is used whereby, assuming borehole
capacities permit, several high pressure solar pumps are installed in series in
one large diameter borehole feeding 5-8 distributed drinking water points,
forcing water where necessary over a distance of several kilometres. This means
that just [40] high capacity boreholes need to be drilled instead of [200]
boreholes as would be the case in conventional projects, leading to important
cost reductions for the drinking water supply system.
02. Use is made of
gypsum composite technologies for the local manufacture of water tanks, toilet
systems, high efficiency stoves, support structures for buildings, school
furniture etc. These can in principle be 100% manufactured, installed and
maintained under the local money system set up without the need for any formal
money capital at all.
03. Ecological
locally built dry composting toilet systems with separation of faeces and urine
are used. Urine and faeces are safely recycled at tank commission level for
productive purposes.
Women’s rights:
01. An elective system
ensuring a leading role for women in all structures at all levels is applied.
02. Women are the major
beneficiaries of the wide menu of time-saving and capacity building-structures
set up during project execution.
03. The autonomy of
women in the project area is improved through the interest-free, cost-free
micro-credit loans for productivity purposes made available to them.
04. Women’s rights as defined
in human rights treaties are fully respected.
Description of costs and
benefits, a selected list.
Agriculture and
food security.
01. Reduction of 80%
in the costs of importation of food into the project area:
At the
moment the project area lacks food security. Up to [80%] of the staple foods
(millet, maize) needed have to be imported. This is the biggest single cause of
financial leakage in the project area, and therefore of the extreme poverty of
the people there. Average cost of food is about Euro 2,20 per family per day,
of which 80% is Euro 1,75. Euro 1,75 x 10.000 families x 365 = Euro
02.
Fruit and nut trees:
Afforestation
activities in settlements as defined under the CDM mechanism for the
distributed planting of fruit and nut trees and similar generate CER
certificates for up to € 172.000 over a period of 20 years, then €105.000 over
a further period of 30 years. The value of the fruit and nuts produced for
local consumption is not included in this calculation. Nuts are suitable for
long-term storage. Fruit is suitable for drying and conserves. Some fruit
production can be seasonally spread.
03. Bamboo
plantations:
Small-scale
agro-forestry activities – such as distributed bamboo plantations on grasslands
and croplands produce CO2 storage to a value in CER certificates of up to €
210.000 over a period of 7 years. The plants also produce edible bamboo shoots,
contributing to food security. Bamboo has innumerable productive applications
leading to the creation of added value over an indefinite period. The value
added of the bamboo shoots and bamboo products is excluded from the
calculation.
04.
Moringa (horseradish) plantations:
Small-scale
agro-forestry activities – distributed demonstration plantations for practical
purposes for local use, including but not limited to Moringa (horseradish)
plantations on marginal lands generate CER certificates for up to € 215.600
annually over a period of 3 years. Moringa (horseradish) trees produce high
quality edible oils and edible “spinach” leaves over an indefinite period. The
value added of these resources is
excluded from the calculation.
Ecology, conservation and
energy.
01. «Automatic»
reforestation for
02. Fertiliser
savings:
An average of
On this basis, the
population of 50.000 people in the project area (5500 groups of 9 persons)
produce the equivalent of 5.500 bags of urea and 5.500 bags of NPK.
This is the
equivalent of 275 tonnes of urea and 275 tonnes of NPK 15:15:15 fertiliser per
project per year.
Current world prices
are about € 387 per tonne for 46% urea, and € 402 per tonne for NPK 15/15/15
fertiliser. The fertiliser savings is therefore to the order of 275 * (€387
+ € 402) = € 217.000 per year.
Local production of
fertilisers due to recycling of urine and faeces is enough to cover the
production of all of the food needed by the inhabitants, at the same time
guaranteeing them a varied diet.
03. Reforestation
under the
The project is a
demonstration project for the recovery of [local forest lands and natural parks
and reserves] using traditional species. The expected value of CER
certificates is up to € 210.000 per year over a period of 50 years.
04. Savings through
local production of bio-fuels:
Demonstration
afforestation and/or reforestation initiatives using Jatropha [on lands having
low inherent potential to support living biomass] are expected to be carried
out. In that case bio-fuels for a value of up to € 550.000 per year could be produced. This is a
small-scale “non-commercial” application intended exclusively for local production and use under the local money system
!
05.
Reduction of non-renewable bio-mass under the
CO2
savings through the reduced use of non-renewable biomass for cooking purposes
through the introduction of improved stoves are expected to generate up to €
06. Substitution of
non-renewable by renewable biomass :
The use of renewable
biomass instead of non-renewable biomass with improved cook stoves is planned.
This should generate up to € 182.000 per year over a period of 21 years.
07. Improved
lighting:
Replacement of
kerosene lamps, incandescent light bulbs, and of the use of throw-away
batteries by renewable energy sources (wind, solar and/or renewable bio-mass
including but not limited to locally-grown plant oil, local gasification of
biomass). The benefits generated under the Kyoto Treaty would be just € 10.774
per year over a period of 21 years. This is too low to justify application for
CER certificates.
Finance.
01. Reduction in
the costs of purchase of wood for cooking (or alternatives):
Applicable to 40%
of families (or 40% of 10.000 families or 4.000 families). In larger villages a
5 person family typically uses about +/- € 0,75 worth of wood or equivalent per
day. A reduction of 65% through the use of improved stoves therefore amounts to
Euro 0,50 per family per day. 4000 families x Euro 0,50 per day x 365 days =
Euro 730.000 per year.
02. Cooperative
Local Development Fund:
Contributions
of € 0,60 per person over 4 years, € 0.75 per person during years 5-10, €0,90
per person during years 11-15 and € 1,10 per person during years 16-20 are made
into the cooperative local development fund. The amounts are recycled
systematically interest-free (and cost-free in formal money terms) for
micro-credits. They total at least €2.600 per family during each period of 10
years. Euro 2.600 x 10.000 = Euro 26.000.000 over 10 years, or an average of
Euro
03. Use of the
local money system:
The local money
system set up is one of the pillars of the project. No attempt is made here to
monetise the vast benefits deriving from its widespread use.
Health.
01. Reduction of
medical treatment costs for water-borne diseases :
Treatment
of 50% of the population ( being 25.000 people part of the population of
50.000) at least once a year x average cost for medicines and doctor’s fees in
the project area, which is Euro 20. Euro 20 x 25000 people = Euro 500.000 per
year.
02.
Productivity increase due to reduction in illness caused by water-borne
diseases :
This
involves 50% of the adult population ( being 50% of 30.000 people) x ten days
per year x revenue Euro
03.
Reduction in the costs of treating people suffering from hunger, or due to
inadequate hygiene, or caused by smoke in and around homes:
This
involves 25% of the population of 50.000 at least once a year x average costs
for medicines and doctor’s fees in the project area. This amount to 12.500
people x Euro 20 per treatment = Euro 250.000 per year.
04.
Reduction of 50% in the cost of treatment for malaria:
This
would affect at least 40% of the population at least once a year. Savings arise
through drainage of surface waters, the use of mosquito nets, the hygiene
education courses etc. Reduction of 50% of costs for 40% (20.000 people) of the
population at least once a year. The average anti-malaria treatment in the
project area costs Euro 10 per treatment. Total cost is 20.000 people x Euro 10
= Euro 200.000, of which 50% savings = Euro 100.000 per year.
05.
Increase of productivity due to reduction in the number of cases of malaria:
Applied
to just 10% (3.000 adults) of the adult population of 30.000. 3.000 adults x 10
days x revenue at Euro 3 per day = 3000 x 10 x 3 = Euro 90.000 per year.
06.
Reduction in the cost of urgent transportation of sick family members:
People
in the project area are usually taken to hospital in [place]. For this purpose
a car is rented for [€ 38] a time, which
is paid for by a collection amongst all the family members of the sick person.
Applied to just 10% ( 5.000 people) of the population of 50.000 at least 1 time
a year, this amounts to Euro [38] per trip x 5.000 people = Euro [190.000].
Water and sanitation.
01. Water points at
Average benefit 1
hour’s water fetching per day (being 10% of a 10 hours working day) x revenue
Euro 3 per day, being Euro 0,30 per day x 10.000 women. This amounts to Euro
3.000 per day x 365 days, or Euro 1.095.000 per year.
02. Washing places:
Benefit 4 hours a
week (being 40% of a 10 hour working day) x daily revenue Euro 3 = Euro 1,20 x
52 weeks x 10.000 women = Euro 624.000.
Women’s rights.
01. Elimination of
the need to fetch firewood:
This applies to 60%
of families (being 60% of 10.000 families or 6.000 women) x 4 hours per week
(or 40% of a 10-hour working day) x revenue Euro 3 per day, or Euro 1,20
per week. Euro
02. Through the introduction of mills,
Time savings of up
to 2 hours per day for eliminating the need to grind millet by hand. Average
time saved: 1,5 hours per woman per day being 15% of the revenue of € 3 per
10-hour working day, or € 0,45 per woman per day. € 0,45 per day x 10.000 women
x 365 days = € 1.642.500.
Replication
potential.
The project
documentation has been drafted under an innovative Model for self-financing,
ecological, sustainable local integrated development projects.
Each project under
the Model is based on a population of about 50.000 people, and in each
project area structures are organised in three anthropologically justified
levels.
About 20 individual
projects are therefore needed for each 1.000.000 inhabitants.
An introduction to
regional planning with diagrams is available at www.integrateddeveopment.org/coursesdiplomablock7section1regional.htm
An introduction to
national planning with diagrams is available at www.integrateddeveopment.org/coursesdiplomablock7section1national.htm
By way of example,
a sub-regional plan for the integrated development of West Africa under the
auspices of the Organisation of West African States (ECOWAS, French UEMOA)
excluding
Examples of
regional and national plan proposals are available at website www.integrateddevelopment.org/bakensverzetmodelprojects.htm
Depending on
accessibility and population densities, detailed district, regional, and
national integrated development plans can be prepared for just a few Euro cents
per inhabitant. Students and NGO members drafting project documentations
automatically qualify to act as project coordinators for the individual
projects they have drafted.
Each integrated
development project sets up an autonomous, interest-free, inflation-free,
cooperative local economy system. Subject to availability of finance, there is
no limit to the number of projects which can be executed contemporaneously.
A perspective for
the rapid achievement of the Millennium Goals is therefore created.
Environmental
compatibility.
Integrated projects
and therefore the [name] project are CO2 neutral. They are based on the concept
that any energy used be locally produced and fully sustainable.
The menu of CDM
methodologies to cover repayment of initial capital (should repayment be
required) involve both CO2 savings by way of reduction of existing CO2
emissions and by way of storage of CO2 through reforestation and afforestation
projects.
Where gypsum can be
mined locally on a very small scale for local consumption, families living on
top of the deposits may need to be moved. This situation is extremely unlikely.
Masks need to be
worn in some phases of the production of articles made from gypsum composites
because of fine gypsum dust in the air.
Gypsum is 100% inert.
While gypsum-based products which are no longer needed will be returned to the
production units for 100% recycling into new products, they do not cause any
harm to persons or to the environment in any way even where they are abandoned
in nature.
All organic and
non-organic wastes are systematically collected under the local money system
and recycled locally to create extra local value added. Materials which cannot
be used locally (in particular chemicals and medicines) will be locally
collected and sorted under the local money system and exported from the project
area in bulk.
Documentation.
The entire
documentation (with the exclusion of the CDM applications) for the [name]
project is available at website www.integrateddevelopment.org
at file [name of file].
A full
documentation on the applicable menu of CDM methodologies is available at file www.integrateddevelopment.org/coursesdiplomablock8section5-09.htm
For articles
related to Integrated Development concepts see file www.integrateddevelopment.org/bakensverzetmodelarticles,htm
Students and
members of NGOs qualify to act as project coordinators for the execution of the
projects for which they have drafted the documentations.
Each
integrated development project is autonomous. Subject always to availability of
initial capital, hundreds, if not thousands, of integrated development projects
can in principle be executed contemporaneously.
Detailed work on
the mechanics of the present monetary system and monetary reform proposals supporting
the financial and economic aspects of integrated development projects can be
accessed at the homepage of www.integrateddevelopment.org
in the section New Horizons for Economics : How our Financial System actually
works and how to correct it.
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Forward:
list of drawings and graphs.
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“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8
of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th annual NGO
Conference, United Nations,
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them."
Gesell, Silvio, The
Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen,
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Non-commercial Share-Alike 3.0 Licence.