NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
01. E-course : Diploma in
Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
Edition
01: 19 November, 2009
Value: 06
points out of 18 .
Expected work
load: 186 hours out of 504.
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions
to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Value : 03 points out of 18
Expected work load: 96 hours
out of 504
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
Productive structures
02.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
Productive structures
1. Units for the production articles
from gypsum-based composites. [2 hours]
2. Units for the
production of mini-briquettes.
[2 hours]
3. Bio-mass production.
[2 hours]
4. Installation and
maintenance cooperatives. [2 hours]
5. Other productive structures. [2 hours]
02.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
2. Units for the
production of mini-briquettes.
[ At least 2 hours]
Mini-briquettes : the
problem.
The local
production of mini-briquettes for cooking purposes, local bio-mass and waste products
can be recycled and the destruction of local forests and environments
avoided. It is an truly ecological
structure producing huge economic savings for the benefit of the populations.
Mini-briquette production will take place at well commission level. This
means +/- 35 - 45 production units will
be set up in each project area.
It is expected that with the introduction of improved cooking stoves made by the local gypsum composites
production facilities, each will need about
Each cooperative production unit will provide work for 4-6 persons,
excluding delivery of materials at the
production units and delivery of
the mini-briquettes to the families. The (cooperative) initiative can
therefore provide occupations for 200-300 people in each project area.
A daily production of 750-
With 6 x 10 minute working cycles per hour, the manual presses used
should have an average hourly capacity of 80-100 briquettes .
Two lines of presses in
parallel would each produce 40-50 briquettes for 10-
The phases of the cycle (for
each of the two lines of presses) include:
Stocking of materials.
Mixing materials.
Loading presses.
Pressing the mini-briquettes.
Unloading the presses.
Stocking the mini-briquettes.
Administration.
The total period between the collection
of the basic materials and the distribution of the mini-briquettes to the homes
should not exceed 7 days.
Materials available for use
include:
Agricultural waste supplied by
12-20 farmers serving each production unit (at well commission level).
Agricultural products
cultivated by the same farmers.
Used oils and fats.
Other non-organic waste
products.
Organic binding means
Non-organic binding means.
Water– salt according to the
requirements of the mix.
Local clay.
The mini-briquettes are produced
and distributed entirely under the lcoal money systems set up.
Several types of briquettes
can be produced according to the cooking system used by the families.
Read Simple techniques for basic
bio-fuels, by Janczak J., written for the F.A.O. for the United
Nations Conference on new and renewable
energy sources held in
Mini-briquettes can be used with
any type of stove, and in particular for the high-efficiency stoves to be made
by the gypsum composite production units
Since oil-producing plants
will be used for bio-mass production, the mini-briquette production units will
also press and filter seeds and fruits to make pure plant oil for small-scale electricity generation and for
use with adapted Diesel motors.
Workshops.
Usually just one Moraisian
workshop will be held in a given project area.
Indicative participation.
The Moraisian trainers.
The project coordinator.
Consultant to project coordinator.
Consultant gypsum composites.
At least one representative of the ONG.
Representative of the Health Ministry.
Representative of the Rural Development ministry.
At least 5 observers (possible coordinators for future projects).
50 persons indicated by the tank commissions interested in the production of
mini-briquettes.
200 persons indicated by the tank commissions, interested in producing bio-masse
for the mini-briquettes.
Duration of the workshop:
about four weeks.
The Workshop will be expected
to produce the following structures:
a) A coordination structure.
- definition of the social form.
- statutes.
- rules.
- professional and administrative structures.
- financial aspects including payments.
- relations with the local money LETS systems.
b) Analysis of requirements.
- detailed analysis of the present systems.
- demand in the project area.
- demand outside the project area.
c) Analysis of the bio-masse
resources available.
d) Definition of the recipes
(mixtures) socially acceptable.
e) Creation of the physical
structures for briquette production.
f) Logistics.
- Assembly and stocking of materials.
- distribution of mini-briquettes.
g) Organisation of the
cultivation of bio-mass.
h) Commercial.
- Availability of micro-credits for growers.
- Availability of micro-credits for briquette makers.
- Prices for briquette distribution according to the various mixtures.
Analysis of
costs and benefits.
(See also : 1. Units for the production of
articles based on gypsum composites)
of this section of the course..
Elimination of the search for wood for cooking. Supposing 60% of families(being 60% of 10.000, or 6.000)
x 4 hours’ search for wood a week
(being 40% of a 10 hours working day) x
daily revenue Euro 3, that is,
Euro 1,20 per week x 6.000 women= Euro
Reduction of the costs of
purchasing firewood or equivalent for
cooking purposes : 40% of families (being 40% of 10.000 families or 4.000
families). In larger centres, a 5 person family consumes wood (or
equivalent) for a value of about 500 FCFA
( +/- € 0,75) per day. Assuming a
reduction by 65% through the use of high-efficiency
stoves, CFA 325 (being Euro 0,50) per
family per day. 4000 families x Euro 0,50 x
365 = Euro 730.000.
Automatic reforestation 6.5kg (savings in wood for cooking) per day x
10.000 families x 365 = 23725 tons per year @ at standing value for pulp timber
Euro 7.5 per ton = Euro 178.000 per year
Carbon reduction certificates under the Kyoto agreement. There is a
market for some 20.000 to 30.000 high efficiency stoves in each project area.
Supposing wood savings at 6.5kg of wood or equivalent per day, with 10.000
families, 65 tons of wood is saved each day. This converts into CO2 as 18705 tons of CO2 savings per year.
Supposing a market value of just Euro
The creation of units for the production of articles from gypsum
composites offers an example of how the
social and financial structures already in place are used for the construction
of new structures.
Costs.
The costs for the mini-briquette production units (
budget items 60801-60806) are, for each project area, just € 88,300, plus the €80.,000 in item
70221 to cover the cost of purchase of manual
presses. This is € 4.808 for each
well commission area..
1. Research.
The local
manual production of mini-briquette for stoves in developing countries has important economic and
ecological advantages and produces hundreds of occupations in each individual
project area. Make a one- page report on the production of mini-briquettes in
your project area. Where applicable, in your country.
2 .Opinion.
To avoid
stocking large quantities of materials (ingredients) a flux of bio-mass for the
briquettes has to be guaranteed throughout the year. Systematic recycling of
some waste products (for example used oils) is also involved. On one page
explain how tou would organise this in your chosen area.
3. Opinion.
On one page
make a schematic drawing for the delivery of the briquettes at well commission
level. Assuming each family uses an average quantity of mini-briquettes each
day, how would you organise their distribution ? How would you organise the
payments for the small deliveries in question under 3. Local money systems - introduction
and 4. Local money systems : in depth
analysis of Section 3: The financial structures of
this block 4 ?
4. Opinion.
You are a woman. You are served by one
of the tank commissions in your well commission area. The well commission has
appealed to persons interested in participating in the workshop for
mini-briquette production cooperatives. You have made a plan together with a
representative for each of the other tank commissions reporting to the well
commission. On a maximum of two pages (but one page is enough) you present your
proposal to the well commission. You describe the requirements for the
production and distribution of the mini-briquettes, how your group is
particularly representative of the area, where you would want to set up your
production unit, why you have chosen that site, youre analysis of the
production process, and the financial aspects.
◄ Fourth block : Section 4: Productive structures.
◄ Fourth block : The structures
to be created.
◄ Main index for the Diploma in Integrated Development
(Dip. Int. Dev.)
"Money is not the key
that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them."
Gesell, Silvio, The Natural
Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created
scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8
of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th annual NGO
Conference, United Nations,
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