NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip.
Int. Dev.)
Edition
01: 20 November, 2009
Value: 06
points out of 18 .
Expected work
load: 186 hours out of 504.
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Value : 03 points out of 18
Expected work load: 96 hours
out of 504
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
Productive structures
02.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
Productive structures
1. Units for the production
articles from gypsum-based composites. [2 hours]
2. Units for the
production of mini-briquettes.
[2 hours]
3. Bio-mass production.
[2 hours]
4. Installation and
maintenance cooperatives. [2 hours]
5. Other productive structures. [2 hours]
02.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 4: Productive
structures. [12 hours].
10.00 hours :
Productive structures
4. Installation and
maintenance cooperatives. [At least 2 hours]
All installation and on-going maintenance operations on project
structures will be carried out by local people within the framework of the
local money systems set up. The formal money costs of some spare parts are
covered out of the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
Inhabitants interested in installation and maintenance are trained
during the Moraisian workshops carried out during the first 12 months of
project execution. They are expected to form one or more installation and
maintenance cooperatives. The people themselves will decide how the cooperatives,
will operate. Organisation may be at project level, well commission level, or
tank commission level. Specialisation may take place according to the type of
service involved.
Since most products for water storage and harvesting, sanitation,
cooking and briquette-making are locally made, installation and operation and
maintenance groups may be run by the productive facilities involved.
One or more separate installation and maintenance groups will be formed
for the drinking water supply system. Specific training in the installation and maintenance of pumps
and photovoltaic equipment will usually be supervised by the general consultant
to the project coordinator. The project ensures that initial stocks of spare
parts for pumps and solar equipment are purchased and made available to the
maintenance cooperatives. These stocks are kept and maintained by the project
management our of the Cooperative Local Development Fund. The formal money
costs of all spare parts are included in the monthly contributions paid by the
families into the Cooperative Local Development Fund. The financial system is
inherently sustainable, as only a small part of the funds paid into the
Cooperative Local Development Fund are needed for maintenance operations. Most
maintenance costs are for travelling and labour. These are paid by the local
inhabitants in under the local money systems.
Local money maintenance costs of structures at project level are
distributed amongst all of the inhabitants in the project area.
Local money maintenance costs of structures at well commission level are
distributed amongst all of the inhabitants in the well commission area.
Local money maintenance costs of structures at tank commission level are
distributed amongst all of the inhabitants in the tank commission area.
Click to see file : 07.30
Systematic outgo.
Coordinator /administration € 25.000
System maintenance € 12.000
Tank commissions
€ 13.200
Spare parts € 20.000
Unforeseen € 29.800
Total on-going costs per year € 100.000
Click
to see file 07.40 Income
First
four years
Monthly contributions families (10.000 families) @
Euro 3 € 360.000
Operation and maintenance costs ` € 100.000
Net available revenues € 260.000
Six
following years.
Monthly contributions families (10.000 families) @
Euro 3,75 € 450.000
Operation and maintenance costs € 100.000
Net available revenues € 350.000
Organisational
workshop.
A workshop following
the principles of Clodomir de Santos de
Morais will be held for the preparation of the installation and maintenance
cooperative for each project area.
Indicative participation:
Moraisian
experts
Project execution coordinator.
General consultant.
1
Representative of the Finance Ministry.
1 Representative of the Ministry for Rural Development.
5 Observers (possible coordinators of future projects)
+/- 120 persons (men and women) indicated by the well commissions and who have
expressed interest in joining the installation and maintenance cooperative.
Participants are
invited on indication of the Well Commissions, who will already be
operative This means that the Well
Commissions Forage must be operative before the Installation and Maintenance
Cooperative can be formed.
Each well Commission
is asked to nominate three representatives to participate in the installation
and maintenance workshop. Since a majority of well commission members are
women, it is hoped that women will be well represented at the workshop. Men
are, of course, welcome as well.
Purpose
of the workshop is the formation of at least one three-person team for each
well-commission area. Subject to specialisation, each team will be responsible
for installation and management of structures n its own well-commission area.
The workshop can decide
on team-specialisation.
A central committee
level structure (run by the general
manager) will administer the system, import spare parts in bulk, and manage
stocks at central level. This is a support service made available to the
Installation and Maintenance Cooperative free of charge by the Permanent
Cooperative for the Management of Project Structures.
The groups ar
well-commission level will be equipped with necessary tools and means of
transport (bicycles), and supplied with a basic kit of the most frequently
used spare parts.
The workshop will
last about 3 weeks.
The Installation and
Maintenance Cooperative, subject always to decisions taken during the workshop,
is not profit-making. However, it may reserve the right, with all of the
safeguards required, to work in part outside the project area for formal money.
The workshop should produce the following
structures:
a) Practical organisation of the workshop.
b) Definition of the social form
- Statutes
- Rules
- Professional and administrative structures
- Finance
- Relations with the local money system
c) Definition of tasks.
- activity sectors
- analysis of requirements
- territorial organisation
- personnel considered
necessary.
d) A structure for the supply of materials:
- administration
- purchase and manufacture
of spare parts
- stocking of spare parts
- transport logistics.
- contacts with local production units.
- decision on priorities to
be given to different articles.
e) A structure for
preventive maintenance.
- Tables showing frequency
of inspection visits.
- Tables with time necessary
for preventive inspection.
- Tables with times
necessary for various interventions.
- Notification systems –
calls by public
- Tables with maximum
periods allowed following call for help by the public.
e) A structure for technical
training.
Participants will receive
basic instructions on installation and maintenance principles.
If
the technologies in question are already known at the time the workshop is
held, the members of the Cooperative will receive full training on
their installation and maintenance. These sessions will be organised by the
Cooperative itself after its formation, towards the end of the workshop.
For
technologies which are not yet known, the
Cooperative will organise training sessions where necessary with the
help of coordinator for the execution of
the project, and recall sessions for
specific training as required.
f) A structure for communications.
Vertical, at project level
(coordinator for project execution, those responsible and Central Committee
level (General Manager), well commissions)
Horizontal, with local
production units, with those responsible for local money systems.
Information structures: via radio,
website etc.
1. Opinion.
In this section
just one non-profit installation and
maintenance cooperative for each project has been proposed. It would have a
«cell » at the level of each well commission. The local cells would,
subject to decisions taken by the workshop participants, be in competition with
one another. That means that the services of a cell which works well can be
used by a tank commission formally served by another cell. Give a one-page
opinion on these concepts, Would you prefer another system ? If so,
which ?
2. Research.
Installation
and maintenance cells are based at well commission level. Each well commission
area usually serves 5-8 tank commission areas. The distance between the well and the water tanks
served will rarely exceed
3. Opinion.
A sustainable
installation and maintenance system must provide for its own on-going renewal.
You are the Chairperson of the Installation and Maintenance Cooperative of an
integrated development project. Describe on one page which permanent
apprenticeship system you would try to set up to ensure continuity of services
over the long term. Take the vast opportunities offered by the local money
system into account..
Installation and maintenance systems in integrated
development projects operate under two parallel financial systems. The first of
them is the formal money system for the purchase of goods and spare parts which
cannot be produced in the project area. This system uses funds contributed on a
monthly basis by the families in the project area, a small part of which is set
aside (reserved) for this purpose. The second system is the local money system
set up in each project area. These costs are distributed, case by case, amongst
the members served by a tank commission, by a well commission, or at central
committee level, according to the entity responsible for the structure in
question.
Assume repairs are made to the back-up hand-pump
installation next to a well which is the property of a well commission serving
7 tank commissions. The formal money value of the spare parts is € 50. Work time
(including travelling time) is 1 hour for a team of 3. The hourly tariff
for interventions by the cooperative is fixed at 12 local money units an hour. Local money costs
for the intervention therefore amount to 36 units. It is assumed that each of the tank
commissions serves 50 families.
4. Opinion.
On one page
make a chart showing how the costs of the operation are debited.. (Note that
the amounts to be debited at the lower administrative levels are very low. In
practice, the tank commission, well commission, and central committee would
accumulate small amounts and then debit them to (distribute them) users in
complete units.)
5. Research.
The motor
brushes of a solar pump installed in the same well must be replaced. The solar
pump is the property of a tank commission. The formal money value of he spare parts is € 20. Work time (including travelling
time) is 1,5 hours for 2 persons. The hourly tariff for interventions by the
cooperative is fixed at 12 local money units
an hour. Local money costs for the intervention therefore amount to 36
units. It is assumed the tank commissions serves 50 families. On
one page make a chart showing how the costs of the operation are debited..
(Note that the amounts to be debited at the lower administrative levels are
very low. In practice, the tank commission, well commission, and central
committee would accumulate small amounts and then debit them to (distribute
them) users in complete units.)
6. Research.
A solar panel
for the lighting system of the trade school at project (central committee)
level has broken down and has to be replaced. The cost of the new panel is € 200. Work time (including travelling
time) is 1 hour for 3 persons. The hourly tariff for interventions by the
cooperative is fixed at 12 local money
units an hour. Local money costs for the intervention therefore amount to 36
units. The central committee has 40
members. The project serves 10.000
families. On one page make a chart showing how the costs of the operation are
debited.. (Note that the amounts to be debited at the lower administrative
levels are very low. In practice, the tank commission, well commission, and
central committee would accumulate small amounts and then debit them to
(distribute them) users in complete units.)
◄ Fourth block : Section 4: Productive structures.
◄ Fourth block : The structures to
be created.
◄ Main index for the
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
"Money
is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars
them."
Gesell,
Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
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