The Model is strongly demand response oriented. Project applications are worked out together with the people concerned, who execute, run, own and pay for them. There will therefore never be a project application identical to the Model, nor will there ever be two project applications identical to each other.
The Model provides practical working solutions for sustainable integrated development and covers all major development priorities. It constitutes a practical way of applying modern development concepts such as those outlined in the DFID "Guidance manual on water supply and sanitation programmes" (WEDC for DFID, 1998). It integrates in a practical and feasible manner policy, finance, technology and human capacity building to offer sustainable solutions to development.
Project applications are self-financing, subject to an interest-free seed loan repayable in 10years. The Model is structured for communities of 10000 households (50000 users) but can be adapted to smaller and larger project areas as required. The amount of the loan is US$ 3.000.000 or US$ 60 (or equivalent in Euro) per user. This involves a monthly payment of at least US$3 per family into the Cooperative Development Fund. This is enough to cover the basic package offered. Services offered can be further extended to projects areas where users are able to pay more than Euro 3 per family per month.
Project applications require 75% financing by an External Support Agency. Regional or state authorities in the beneficiary countries are expected to supply the remaining 25%.
Project applications are self-financing because they allow the recipient communities to fully exploit a network of sustainable development activities using:
(i) The interest-free loan itself
(ii) Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS)
(iii) Multiple re-cycled interest-free micro-credits to be administered by a local bank. They are generated by recycling loan repayments and reserves during the loan term.
b)75% of this capital will be contributed by xxxxxxxxxx and the remaining 25% by the (Regional) Government of xxxxxxxxxx.
c)General financial supervision will be on terms agreed with the lenders of the seed capital, but with the elimination of unnecessary bureaucratic restraints.
d)Seed capital repaid by users in monthly instalments will be retained in the local area until the end of the loan term. During that time, the repayments will be used to grant revolving interest-free micro-credits for local development.
e)Seed capital not required for short term use, will similarly be used to grant interest-free revolving micro-credits.
f)The local currency (LETS) systems will form the general method of payment for (most) local goods and services at community level, including those provided for the project from within the local community.
g)The part of the maintenance money destined for long term replacement of capital items will also be recycled as interest-free micro-credits until it is needed.
h)Users will be 100% responsible for on-going administration, capital repayments, and maintenance costs. Each household will pay a monthly contribution sufficient to cover those costs. The instalments will be to a large extent covered by savings on funds traditionally spent on fuel, water and waste removal.
i)The project encourages open competition and free enterprise within the framework of a cooperative and non-profit-making global financial structure.
j)Administration, construction and maintenance work will be done by local operators and villagers who will be paid mostly in local LETS currencies.
k)Local work will be paid for at current local pay rates expressed in the local LETS currencies.
l)The on-going administration costs of the Project Coordinator will be agreed and set out in the project documentation.
m)Users must make their first monthly contribution in advance, when their project systems are put into use.
n)The tank commissions will be paid a small monthly allowance in formal currency for their work. The well commissions will be paid a monthly allowance under the local LETS currencies for their work.
o)Individual women or women's groups will, without payment, each look after their own sanitation units.
p)Regular inspection by installations will be paid as necessary in the local LETS currencies.
q)The operation of the xxxxxxxxxx local bank will be supported and supervised by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx(Green Bank)
r)The Regional Government of xxxxxxxxx and the Local Council of xxxxxxxxxxx will undertake not to intervene to impede the development of the local LETS currencies either during or after the project period.
s)The Project Coordinator will reach a specific agreement with the applicable tax authorities before the start of the project as to taxation of activities under the Local Exchange Trading (LETS) systems.
t)Before the project starts, a formal agreement will be made to ensure ownership of the project is vested in the beneficiary communities.
a)To sustain on-going improvement of the general quality of life wellbeing and health of the local people.
b)To free more human resources for local production and development.
c)To reduce water-borne diseases so that medical staff and financial resources can be re-directed to other health objectives such as vaccination programmes and preventive medicine.
d)To decrease infant mortality and promote family planning.
e)To increase literacy levels.
f)To eliminate dependency on fuels imported from outside the project area.
g)To help reduce deforestation and global warming.
h)To create value added from locally recycled non-organic solid waste.
i)To create a "maintenance culture" to conserve the investments made.
j)To increase the local pool of expertise so that local people can improve their sustainable well-being and development by identifying and solving problems, including erosion, with a minimum of outside help.
k)To create full employment in the project area.
l.To offer meaningful opportunities to youth and help stop movement of population from rural areas to towns.
i. The Local NGO
ii. Project Coordinator (from the project area in the beneficiary country)
iii. Consultant to the Project Coordinator
iv. The Organisational Workshops
v. External Funding Authority
vi. Local Funding Authority
vii. Regional Administrative Authority
viii.Locally Elected MP's
ix. Local councils
x. The Local/State Health Authorities
xi. The Local/State Education Authorities
xii. The Local Tax Authorities
xiii.The Local Bank and Micro-Credit Institution
xiv. The External Bank
xv. The Local Beosite Production Units
xvi. Tank Commissions - the Key Structures
xvii.Well Commissions
xviii.Zimbabwe AHEAD (NGO)
xix. EOS ADVISES
xx. Medical Commissions
xxi. Teachers' Commissions
The details of the roles of each of the above and how they all interact with one another are set out in detail in section 2.6 of the Model and in the diagrams and charts part of the project document. The parties participating will vary from one project application to another.
| Outgo (Capital) | Phase | Estimate (US$) |
|---|---|---|
| OW health clubs | 2 | 30.000 |
| Formation of health clubs | 2 | 10.000 |
| Material for health clubs | 2 | 5.000 |
| Training of health workers | 2 | 10.000 |
| OW health courses in schools | 2 | 10.000 |
| Material for school courses | 2 | 2.5000 |
| OW social structures | 2 | 40.000 |
| OW LETS systems | 2 | 60.000 |
| Office and equipment LETS systems | 2 | 30.000 |
| OW Micro-credit system | 2 | 20.000 |
| Office/equipment Micro-credit system | 2 | 10.000 |
| OW Beosite production units | 2 | 30.000 |
| Shovel/preparation anhydrite supply site | 2/3 | 10.000 |
| Construction and equipping anhydrite factory (*30000 FOR EACH FACTORY) ASSUMING 3 UNITS | 2/3 | 60.000 |
| Moulds for anhydrite products (*20000 FOR EACH FACTORY) ASSUMING 2 UNITS | 2/3 | 60.000 |
| Location gypsum depots and quality control | 2 | 3.000 |
| OW recycling system | 2 | 30.000 |
| Setting up recycling centre network | 2 | 150.000 |
| Setting up compost collection network | 2 | 5.000 |
| OW Bio-mass system | 2 | 15.000 |
| OW Drinking water system | 2 | 25.000 |
| Setting up of project workplace | 2 | 12.000 |
| Vehicles and materials for wells | 3 | 150.000 |
| Fuel and maintenance vehicles | 3 | 26.000 |
| Labour for wells - LETS systems | 3 | pro-memoria |
| 30 Washing places- LETS systems | 3 | pro-memoria |
| 30 Platforms for handpumps - LETS systems | 3 | pro-memoria |
| 200 Pumps (300W per pump) | 3 | 257.000 |
| 200 Supports for solar panels | 3 | 50.000 |
| Solar panels (200*300 W=60kW) | 3 | 360.000 |
| 30 Handpump groups (90 pumps) | 3 | 68.000 |
| Cables, feedpipe for pumps/wells | 3 | 65.000 |
| Pipe lines from wells to tanks - 100000m @ US$ 1 | 3 | 100.000 |
| Labour for laying water pipelines- LETS | 3 | pro-memoria |
| 200 Water tanks (@ 2m * 1.7m)- mostly LETS | 3 | 50.000 |
| 200 Bases for water tanks - mostly LETS | 3 | 25.000 |
| Supervision of installation and training maintenance operators | 3 | 15.000 |
| Purchase spare parts supplies | 3 | 20.000 |
| Permits and formalities | 2 | 1.000 |
| Preparation and formulation of project specifications | 2 | 6.000 |
| 100 Solar water purification installations for clinics and schools | 3 | 47.500 |
| 900 Solar water purification installations (inc.15.000 Wp panels) | 4 | 128.500 |
| 200 PV lighting units for study purposes | 4 | 105.000 |
| PV television for study | 4 | pro-memoria |
| PV lighting for schools | 4 | pro-memoria |
| PV lighting for clinics outside the project area | 4 | pro-memoria |
| PV lighting for clinics inside the project area | 4 | 15.000 |
| PV refrigeration for clinics @ US$ 5000/clinic | 4 | 15.000 |
| Water testing equipment | 4 | 5.000 |
| Transport costs US$pa-xxxxxx | 3 | 30.000 |
| Transport costs xxxxx | 3 | 22.500 |
| Administration and supervision xxxxxxxxxxx | 3/4 | 36.000 |
| Reserve fee for Project coordinator @US$ 50000/year | 1/5 | 100.000 |
| General project consulting Manning @US$ 50000/year | 1/5 | 100.000 |
| Fund for PV lighting solar home systems | 4 | 100.000 |
| Sanitation facilities with exception of some additvites will be manufactured and installed within the local LETS systems | 15.000 | |
| OW radio station | 4 | 25.000 |
| Fund for radio station | 4 | 52.000 |
| Reserves 12.6% of total | 5 | 378.000 |
| General total | 5 | 3.000.000 |
| Outgo (Capital) | Phase | Estimate (US$) |
|---|---|---|
| Total first phase | 1 | 0 |
| Total second phase | 2 | 668.500 |
| Total phase 3 | 3 | 1.293.000 |
| Total phase 4 | 4 | 460.500 |
| Fees project coordinator | 1/5 | 100.000 |
| Total supervision Manning | 1/5 | 100.000 |
| General total all phases | 2.622.000 | |
| Reserves 12.6% | 5 | 378.000 |
| Total 1+2+3+4+5 | 3.000.000 |
| On-going costs | US$ | |
|---|---|---|
| Coordinator for administration | 15.000 | |
| Maintenance operators | 5.000 | |
| Tank commissions (200*5 US$ p.m.) | 12.000 | |
| Spare parts | 15.000 | |
| Reserve for theft | 15.000 | |
| Unforeseen | 7.500 | |
| Total recurrent costs | 69.500 |
| Income | US$ |
|---|---|
| Annual contribution for use of water (10.000 households @ US$ 3 p.m.) | 360.000 |
| On-gong costs per year | 69.500 |
| Net annual income for loan repayment | 290.500 |