NGO Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 

Edition 02: 24 May, 2010.

Edition 05 : 22 December, 2013.

 

01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)

 

Quarter 1.

 

 

SECTION A :  DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.

 

 

Study value : 04 points out of 18.

Indicative study time: 112 hours out of 504.

 

Study points are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development Problems has been passed.

 

 

First block : Poverty and quality of life.

 

Study value : 02 points out of 18.

Indicative study time: 57 hours out of 504.

 

Study points are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development Problems has been passed.

 

 

First block : Poverty and quality of life.  [57 hours]

 

First Block : Section 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]

First Block : Section 2. Services needed for a good quality of life. [26.50 hours]

First Block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]

 

 

First Block :  Section 2. Services needed for a good quality of life. [26.50 hours]

 

Part 1 : Introduction to the services needed for a good quality of life. [06.50 hours]

 

01. The bases of a good quality of life.

02. Physical safety.

03. Shelter.

04. Drinking water.

05. Typical drawing of a well/borehole area.

06. Typical water point.

07. Food security.

08. Health and sanitation.

09. Complete system for waste recycling.

10. Dry composting toilet.

11. Education for all.

12. Work for all.

13. Social security system.

 

 

Part 1 : Introduction to the services needed for a good quality of life. [06.50 hours]

 

07. Food security. (A least one hour)

 

We now pass to the third basic service for a good quality of life, after physical security and drinking water supply.

 

Look at slide :

 

17. Food security. 

 

Make acquaintance with Section 4: Food crisis of the fifth block How third block structures meet specific problems.

 

Enough food; varied diet.

 

« Disinterested »  independent sources on daily calorific requirements of human beings are difficult to find because of the many variables that need to be taken into account. Variables include the individual’s sex, age, height, weight (desired), and the nature of his/her activities. Requirements of small children are obviously different from those of adolescents. To state an indicative global average the way some organisations such as the World Health Organisation do is questionable to say the least. If we take an average MAN who is 45 years old and weighs 75 kg. and performs moderate activities, a daily calorific  intake of  3000 (net food) calories may be acceptable. A 45 year-old woman weighing  65kg , with moderate activities, could be expected to need about 2500 (net food) calories.  

 

The Pontifical Council  «Cor Unum » of the Vatican cites as reference 14 to its 1996 report on World hunger a challenge for all: Development in Solidarity:

“(14) According to FAO and WHO surveys, the minimum daily calorie intake should be about 2,100, while daily food availability should be 1.55 times the basic metabolism rate. Below these levels, a person may be considered to be suffering from chronic under-nutrition (Cf. FAO and WHO, International Conference on Nutrition. Nutrition and Development: A Global Assessment, Rome, 1992). There are still about 800 million people in the world who are under-fed. An adult requires an average daily intake of about 2,500 calories. However, people living in industrial countries have about 800 calories a day in excess of their requirements, while the developing countries have to be content with only two-thirds of this ration (Cf. Le Sud dans votre assiette. L'interdépendance alimentaire mondiale, CRDI, Ottawa, 1992, p. 26).”

 

Meat and dairy products are not essential for proteins for a healthy diet. Plants also have proteins. For details see : Goodland, R., Plants have proteins, Down to Earth ( http://downtoearth.org.in ), Society for Environmental Communications, New Delhi, 15th November, 2012.   

 

 

Local food production for local consumption.

 

According to notes published by the FAO, Rome in 2002 on Mobilizing the political will and resources to banish world hunger large world-level organisations cannot be expected to offer logical solutions to the problem of hunger in the world. Lip-service is paid to the problem, but in reality they are there to promote «open » world commerce benefiting in particular those who set the rules and those who receive the enormous subsidies put at their disposal by the governments of industrialised countries.  In 2001, subsidies for US$ 350.000.000.000 were made available by the governments of industrialised countries to their agricultural sectors alone. (Watkins K. Eight broken promises, Oxfam briefing paper 9, Oxfam International, Washington, 2001 (US$ 350 billion in 2001). This is more than three times the US$ 103.900.000.000 (which includes debt relief for about US$ 19.000.000.000) spent by all of the  OECD countries together on foreign aid  in 2006. Press release  Development aid from OECD countries fell 5.1% in 2006  - OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 3 April 2007

 

For an analysis of the effects of appropriation of land by foreign organisations see:  Odeny E. et al (eds), Landgrabbing in Kenya and Mozambique,

Food First Information and Action Network (FIAN), Heidelberg, April 2010.

 

Cultivation at household level: local food  production for local consumption.

 

On site  recycling, wherever possible, of 7,5 litres of urine per day (per family of 5 persons) mixed with 75 litres of filtered grey water is enough for vertical gardens, roof-top gardens, or gardens placed next to homes providing families with a good share (if not all) of their foods requirements. This means that it is possible to recycle at household level the fertilisers necessary for the production of enough food for survival.

 

Elimination of monocultures.

 

1. Research.

 

On one page make a list of and describe  any monocultures present in your chosen area. (Where applicable, in your country).

 

Storage facilities for food produced locally for local consumption.

 

2. Research.

 

On one page, make a list of the storage  facilities in your chosen area. (Where applicable, in your country). Which structures do you think are missing ?

 

Use of local seeds.

 

3. Research.

 

On one page, make a list of the seeds used in your project area. (Where applicable, in your country). Which seeds are locally produced ? Why are they produced locally ? Which structures are in place for their production ? Which seeds are imported ? Why ? Give an indication of their cost.

 

◄ ►

◄  First  block : Poverty and quality of life.

◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated Development  (Dip. Int. Dev)