Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
and
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
06.28
: ENERGY EFFICIENT STOVES, LOCALLY SUSTAINABLE BIO-MASS PRODUCTION, AND SOLAR COOKERS
DRAWING OF STOVE MADE FROM GYPSUM COMPOSITES.
Cooking is the most
energy-intensive activity in most developing countries. Nearly all the fuel
used for the comes from bio-mass, usually wood. Population growth and migration
of people from the countryside to densely populated slums on the fringes of
large cities have serious consequences, including health dangers, air-pollution,
de-forestation and poverty.
For example, wood often has
to be brought great distances, sometimes hundreds of kilometres, by trucks
using imported fuel. It then has to be distributed. This wood is expensive and
the money to buy it leaves the local economy creating a downward poverty
spiral. Fuel costs are often the biggest budget item of families in the
developing countries.
Local production of highly
efficient stoves under local LETS systems can eliminate or at least
substantially reduce the need to import wood into the project area. Under the
project proposals wood will not be needed at all. The benefits of just this
single project item are dramatic, including:
-
elimination of smoke hazards (the cause
of more deaths in the world than all water-borne and infectious diseases
together) in and around users’ homes.
-
reduction of fire risks.
-
reduction of risks of accidental burning and scolding, especially of young
children.
-
halting the depletion of forests.
- helping to stop erosion.
- reducing the CO2 emissions.
- reducing smog formation in cities, towns and villages.
- releasing users from an unsustainable financial burden.
- using (some of) the financial saving to finance this whole development
project.
-
possibility of earning carbon emission reduction certificates for sale under
the Kyoto Treaty.
The proposed highly
efficient gypsum composite stoves will reduce the bio-mass needed for cooking
by up to 60%. The stoves will run with any kind of fuel. Importantly, the
reduced bio mass needed to fuel them can be 100% locally produced, creating
jobs to grow it, to make mini-briquettes for cooking and to distribute the
briquettes. The production of bio-mass for cooking must not affect the
production of local fertiliser for agriculture.
Gypsum composite stoves have
been preferred to solar cookers (though these can always be offered as an
option) because the use of solar energy for cooking does not always coincide
with users' eating habits. The stoves also allow people to retain their
customary cooking methods and preferred pot and pan sizes, and are better
adapted to preparing traditional staple foods. They incorporate heat level
control, and will allow circulation of smoke so that the heat in the smoke is
utilised.
The stoves will be locally
sized to suit the two or three most commonly used pots and pans. Each family
will buy as many stoves as it needs and can afford using the local LETS
currencies.
SOME
TECHNICAL FEATURES
a) Temperatures to 300
degrees C.
b) Heating and cooling cycles
twice a day for at least five years.
c) Thermal resistance between warm inner fire wall and
cooler external wall.
d) Ecological production in
low cost labour intensive local production units with 100% local value added
e) Recycling of unwanted
(old) items and parts to make new products.
BIO-MASS
FOR THE ENERGY EFFICIENT STOVES
The
stoves burn any sort of fuel. The project provides for locally manufactured
mini-briquettes to be used. The recipes for the mini-briquettes are expected to
vary from one local LETS system to another depending on the materials actually
available and local cooking customs. The burning speed will be controlled by
adding water and/or vegetable oils and/or animal fats and/or dung and/or salt.
Several kinds of mini-briquettes might be available to suit the different
cooking jobs.
The mini-briquettes will be
made from local waste materials like straw, leaves, sticks, paper, and dung.
Suitable fast-growing crops will also be planted to produce enough local
bio-mass to make the mini-briquettes needed in the project area. Using the LETS
currency systems, the growers will either sell the crops directly to
mini-briquette manufacturers or to tradesmen equipped to treat the bio-mass to
make it suitable to use in briquettes.
BIO-MASS FOR PURE PLANT OILS
Mini-briquettes can also be
made from press-cake waste from the local pressing of crops (such as hemp,
soy-beans, oil palm, coconut palm, rapeseed, peanuts) for pure plant oil (PPO)
for use with suitably adapted Diesel motors and generators.
Mini-briquette production
for energy efficient stoves can therefore be economically combined with the
local production of pure plant oil (PPO) for small-scale electricity generation
and Diesel motor requirements.
For more information on
recent development in appropriate small-scale bio-fuels technologies refer to
the Fact-Fuels website.
SOLAR
COOKER PRODUCTION
Where
their use is not in conflict with local eating habits, solar cookers will be
built under the LETS systems for daytime cooking.
The solar cooker recipients
will be made from gypsum composites.
STRUCTURES
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIO-MASS FOR STOVES
For a typical possible high efficiency stove
design refer to:
DRAWING OF
TYPICAL HIGH EFFICIENCY GYPSUM COMPOSITES STOVE.
The structures foreseen are for the production
of mini-briquettes for the stoves to be made by the gypsum composites
production units and for the production of bio-masse to make the
mini-briquettes.
One Moraisian workshop will be held.
Indicative participation
The Moraisian trainers
A member of the project coordination team
The General Consultant
Consultant Gypsum Composites
At least one representative of the ONG Project New Horizons for Kiogoro
Representative of the Health Ministry
Representative of the Rural Development ministry
At least 5 observers (possible coordinators for future projects)
132 persons indicated by the well commissions interested in the production of
mini-briquettes
595 persons indicated by the tank commissions, interested in producing bio-mass
for the mini-briquettes.
Duration of the workshop: about four weeks.
The Workshop will be expected to produce the
following structures:
a) A coordination structure
- definition of the social form
- statutes
- rules
- professional and administrative structures
- financial aspects including payments
- relations with the local money LETS systems
b) Analysis of requirements
- detailed analysis of the present systems
- demand in the project area
- demand outside the project area
c) Analysis of the bio-mass resources available
d) Definition of the recipes (mixtures)
socially acceptable
e) Creation of the physical structures for
briquette production
f) Logistics
- Assembly and stocking of materials
- distribution of mini-briquettes
g) Organisation of the cultivation of bio-mass
h) Commercial
- Availability of micro-credits for growers
- Availability of micro-credits for briquette makers
- Prices for briquette distribution according to the various mixtures
Next file :
06.29
Creation of the structure for the local radio station.
Back to:
06.27
Creation of the recycling structures.
