Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
and
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English edition,
Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
Specific
budgetary details on the project drinking water supply.
The final budget balance for the drinking water
supply structures will be prepared during the organisational workshop.
The indicative budget
typically includes the following items, expressed in Euro. Together they
generally represent about 35% of the project's formal currency capital goods
investments. The material below is intended to list some of the factors which
are likely to be taken into consideration.
Notes:
a) The cost of the
capacitation workshop for drinking water supply structures is about Euro 25.000. This is addition to the
items included in the list below.
b) The vehicles and
materials in item 30105, the spare parts in item 30301, and the pick-up costs
in item 40105 refer to works carried out by the local populations under the
local money systems. The use of vehicles and equipment for professional
drilling of boreholes are included in the lump sum per metre in item 70101.
c) Item 60904
represents formal money and local population contributions to the cost of the
main project offices, compound and depot.
d) Most
gypsum-composite based products for drinking water installations will be made
by the gypsum-composite production units foreseen in each project application.
These production units must therefore be in operation before the installation
of the drinking water supply structures can be completed.
|
Budget item |
Activity |
Amount in Euro |
Population (Euro) |
Total(Euro) |
|
30301 |
Spare parts vehicle item
3.01.05 |
2.000 |
0 |
2.000 |
|
40105 |
4.01.05 Pickup 100km/day x
700 days |
17.500 |
0 |
17.500 |
|
40404 |
Permits et formalities |
500 |
0 |
500 |
|
60901 |
66 water points (LETS and
formal money outgo) |
20.000 |
43.200 |
63.200 |
|
60902 |
Setting up base structures |
12.000 |
6.000 |
18.000 |
|
60904 |
66 Washing points (LETS) |
4.000 |
12.000 |
16.000 |
|
60905 |
66 Hand pump platforms
(LETS) |
4.000 |
12.000 |
16.000 |
|
60906 |
Enclosures and structures 66
well areas, accommodation guards. (Local purchases). |
30.000 |
24.000 |
64.000 |
|
60908 |
Panel supports (368) |
16.000 |
15.000 |
31.000 |
|
60913 |
Laying pipelines (200.000m) |
0 |
24.000 |
24.000 |
|
60914 |
368 Water tanks capacity
15m3 |
16.000 |
38.400 |
54.400 |
|
60915 |
368 Water tank bases |
0 |
19.200 |
19.200 |
|
60916 |
Supervision of installation
and training of maintenance artisans |
2.600 |
3.600 |
6.200 |
|
60918 |
Installation 368 water tanks |
0 |
21.600 |
21.600 |
|
60919 |
Maintenance 368 water
installations first 24 months |
0 |
6.750 |
6.750 |
|
60920 |
Installation water
purification equipment in three
clinics and 60 schools |
0 |
2.100 |
2.100 |
|
60921 |
Other water purification
installations (pro-memorium) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
60923 |
Water quality testing first
24 months |
0 |
3.840 |
3.840 |
|
30105 |
Vehicles and materials |
25.000 |
0 |
25.000 |
|
70101 |
Construction 66
wells/boreholes with an internal diameter of at least |
525.000 |
0 |
525.000 |
|
70203 |
368 Solar pumps including
electronic controllers |
480.000 |
0 |
480.000 |
|
70204 |
Solar panels (368*300 W =
110.4 kW) |
662.400 |
0 |
662.400 |
|
70205 |
198 stainless steel hand
pumps |
198.000 |
0 |
198.000 |
|
70206 |
Cables/feed pipes for pumps/wells |
80.000 |
0 |
80.000 |
|
70207 |
Feed pipe from wells to
tanks 200000m @ Euro 0.75. Seer 7.02.07 |
150.000 |
0 |
150.000 |
|
70208 |
Spare parts stocks for pumps |
30.000 |
0 |
30.000 |
|
70209 |
Purification equipment for
schools |
49.300 |
0 |
49.300 |
|
60922 |
Water quality checking
equipment. See 7.02.20 |
7.500 |
0 |
7.500 |
|
70304 |
International transport
international |
55.000 |
0 |
55.000 |
|
70305 |
National transport |
50.000 |
0 |
50.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
2.436.800 |
231.690 |
2.678.490 |
Funds eventually not
used will be added to project reserves and circulated in the form of
interest-free micro-credits to increase local productivity. For example,
certain materials and equipment may be locally available.
The workshop may take
the following technical aspects into consideration:
01. Establishing base
camp and stores
02. Forming the supervisory team for wells and drilling
Personnel : team made
up of 6 people
-Team leader brigade
-2 x drivers/mechanics
-3 x part-time workers
03.
Assemble well work groups
Personnel : 6 teams
each with 7 men:
-Group leader
-Lining worker
-5 labourers
04
Some inventory items
Some of these items
are budget-listed above. Others come under the per metre cost in item 70101.
Ownership in capital goods purchased by the project for the construction and
maintenance of wells, boreholes and drinking water installations passes to the
construction and maintenance cooperatives set up during the capacitation
workshop foreseen. These inventory items
are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. The
cooperatives pay the formal money capital cost of the equipment into the Local
Cooperative Development Fund over an agreed period. They can pay this money out
of their monthly formal money allowance, part of the project revenues, and/or
by doing some work for formal money outside the project area until the seed
capital is repaid. After repayment, they can gradually build up a reserve to
cover replacement and/or extension
of their equipment.
Ownership of water
tanks, tank supports, pumps, pipelines, and photovoltaic generators is vested
in the local tank commissions. These inventory items are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Ownership of water
sources, well areas, back-up hand pumps, platforms, washing places, guards’
accommodation is vested in the well commissions. These inventory items are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Truck 7 ton
Double cabin 4x4
Drilling equipment
Generators
Welding group
Compressor
Air pressure pumps
Hydraulic hammers
Heads for hammers
Lengths 20m pipe dia.25mm
Lengths 20m pipe diam.19mm
Vibration head (diameter).
Motor
Winches
Containers
Forms
Tools
Cutting group
Form for platforms
Forms for gypsum
composite items
Materials.
Gypsum/anhydrite
Steel as necessary
Sand and shingle
Wood and various
05
WELL/BOREHOLE CONSTRUCTION (15 MONTHS)
It is assumed that
boreholes do not need to be drilled in all cases. Hand dug wells can, where
feasible, be built under the local money systems set up. They therefore reduce
project costs.
Works
-Boreholes 8"
internal diameter : construction of
-Hand dug wells indicatively external diameter 2m; internal diameter 1.8m.
-Linings
-Well platform 0.5m high as per drawings
Personnel and fuel .
Personnel will usually operate as a cooperative set up during a capacitation
workshop. Employer/employee
relationships are not foreseen under the Model.
Head of brigade
4 x group leaders
4 x lining workers
20x labourers
2 x drivers/mechanics
3 x part-time labourers
Diesel for truck 100km/day
Petrol for (Toyota???) 150km/day
Fuel for drilling equipment
Unforeseen
Forecast group 5 :
Euro 375.000. Contributions by populations under the local money systems will
need to be taken into account needed. They may lead to some reduction in the
cost of Euro 375.000 foreseen, so no extra cost has been added.
Ownership of water
sources is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
06 BUILDING
OF PLATFORMS FOR HANDPUMPS
The platforms can be
sited next to the wells since the chosen (hydraulic) hand pumps work with bends
in the feed pipe.
Material necessary :
-2.25m3 gypsum composite x 200 installations = 225m3 of composite.
-Piece of polyethylene other pipe for drainage to sink pit.
-Stones for sink pit.
-Access to the hand pumps and the platform areas shall be laid out with shingle
paths so that the users' feet do not get wet.
Both the platforms themselves
and the labour will fall under the local money LETS systems
Costs group 6 :
Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000
Ownership of
platforms is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
07
BUILDING OF ABOUT 66 WASHING PLACES
The washing places
will be placed near the wells. No decision has been taken as to whether the
water for the washing places is to come from the handpumps or whether solar
pumps with tanks be installed for the purpose. The washing places must meet
hygiene criteria with:
Hygienic drainage of
water to a sink pit or to gardens
Surfaces hygienic and easy to keep clean
No contact between users' feet and water on the ground or water on or around
the washing place.
The washing places
will be built and installed under the local money LETS systems.
Costs group 7 :
Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000
Ownership of washing
places is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected
to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
08
AREAS AROUND THE WELLS
The area around the
wells must be well protected against unauthorised access by persons and access
by animals.
The wells themselves
must be completely sealed off against insects and anything that could cause
contamination of the water.
Access to the PV
panels should not be permitted. Fences and/or other protection must be used. In
connection with the risk of theft, the panels should always be under the
supervision of members of the well commissions.
Individual PV panels
may be fitted with a "chip" enabling recovery in case of theft. The
glass of the panels may be engraved in the centre with the name of the project
to further discourage theft.
Accommodation for the
guards has to be built. It is also likely that LETS transactions centres also
be construction in or near to the well compounds.
Enclosures and
accommodation for guards Euro 15000; local populations Euro 12.000 for a total
of Euro 27.000.
Costs group 8 : Euro
27.000
Ownership of well
areas is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected
to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
09
LAYING OF PIPELINES TO THE TANK INSTALLATIONS
From each well, about
4-8 hygienic pipelines will be laid to the tanks situated near the homes of the
users. In some cases these pipelines may be several kilometres long. The
various separate pipelines will run through a common shallow trench for as far
as possible, and then branch off each pipeline in a separate shallow trench
over the last few hundred meters to its dedicated tank installation. A few
extra lengths of pipeline can be laid in the common sections of trench for use
should installations later be changed or in case of damage to a pipeline in
use. Obstacles such as roads and rivers are to be avoided. In case of risk that
a trench be crossed by vehicles, appropriate protection for the pipelines shall
be used.
The trenches can be dug
by the users themselves against payment under the local money systems set
up. Local contribution Euro 20.000
Costs of pipelines
Costs of double rapid couplings
Costs of protection materials
Total costs
group 9
Euro 75.000 for the feed pipe and Euro 20.000 for laying it, for a total
of Euro 95.000
Ownership of each
pipeline installation is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money
costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local
Development Fund.
10
INSTALLATION OF TANKS (ABOUT 200 x
Cheaper and better
alternatives to concrete tanks will be used. These will be spherical tanks made
from (hygienic) gypsum composite, made locally in a factory to be set up within
the project itself. The tanks will be placed on solid supports. Each tank will
be fitted with two sets of stainless steel two ball valves. The combination of
spherical tanks and supports will offer resistance to all foreseeable weather
conditions.
Costs of tanks
368 x
368 x tank supports, reserve for local contributions Euro 10.000
Water points
736 x 1"
stainless steel ball valves Euro 12.000; local contribution for preparation of
water points Euro 27.000
A few drainage pipes
Shingle for sink pits and paths
Total costs tank
installations Euro 65.000
Ownership of each
water tank installation is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal
money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation
practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative
Local Development Fund.
11.
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR- AND HANDPUMPS
Costs
|
Budget
item |
Description |
Price
in Euro |
|
70205 |
About 30 triple unit
hand pumps to be built partially under LETS systems |
80.000 |
|
70206 |
About 2.700m polyethylene 1 1/4" 16 bar
feed pipe for hand pumps |
9.000 |
|
70206 |
About 9.000m safety rope for pumps |
4.000 |
|
70206 |
Double rapid couplings |
1.000 |
|
70206 |
Electric cable |
26.000 |
|
70208 |
Reserve accessories |
15.000 |
|
70208 |
Stock of spare parts for hand pumps |
8.000 |
|
70203 |
About 200 solar pumps |
207.000 |
|
70207 |
About 2700m polythene high pressure pipe
external diameter 26mm, internal 19mm |
2.500 |
|
70208 |
Spare parts for solar pumps |
18.000 |
|
70304 |
External transport |
15.000 |
|
70305 |
Inland transport |
10.500 |
|
60916 |
Supervision installation |
2.500 |
Total indicative
cost for installation of solar-and hand
pumps Euro 398.500.
Ownership of each solar
pump is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for
long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
Ownership of each
hand-pump is vested in the well commission it serves. Formal money costs are
then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for
long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
12
INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS
368 panel arrays of
48V 4 x 75Wp in series being about
110.400Wp Euro 200.000
Panel supports Euro 7.000 (locally made)
The following aspects
concerning panels supports have to be decided:
-a) can they be made locally?
-b) will each group have its own support?
-c) which type of support?
External transport
panels Euro 15.000
Local transport panels Euro 12.000
Cost installation of
panels Euro 234.000
Ownership of each
photovoltaic installation is vested in the tank commission whose pump it
serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free)
amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the
Cooperative Local Development Fund.
13
INSTALLATION OF UV WATER PURIFICATION UNITS (SCHOOLS AND CLINICS)
The water is clean
when it reaches the tank installations. The reason for the tank installations
is that the following must be taken into account:
-a) Users need water to be available 24 hours per day.
-b) A water reserve must slowly be built up in case of bad weather (three
days).
-c) The capacity of the tanks must be in line with the capacity of the pumps.
-d) If water is kept in a tank for several days, however well protected against
infection it is, steps should be taken in specific cases to ensure it stays
clean. UV purification systems are therefore foreseen for schools and clinics
within the framework of phase 3 of the project. If sufficient finance is
available, similar protection can be used in the other tank installations in
phase 3, otherwise it can be installed (under an eventual phase 4) later on.
Installation will be
done under the local money systems.
For installations of
purification installations in clinics
and schools Euro 43.900 is foreseen with
a local contribution of Euro 1.050
Total Euro 44.950
Ownership of each
water purification is vested in the tank commission where the school or clinic
it serves is situated. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
14
WATER QUALITY TESTING EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS.
The water testing
equipment is a part of the formal money investment in the water supply
structures. The collection of samples and coordination is carried out by the
people. The testing itself is to be done
in one of the clinics.
The cost of the water
testing is budgeted at Euro 7.500. Water quality testing over the first 24
months is expected to call for a local contribution of Euro 2.400.
Total for group 9 is
therefore Euro 9.900
Ownership of water quality testing equipment is vested in
the central project management, which is also responsible for the quality
testing structure. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
15
TRAINING OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER STRUCTURES
Training will be
carried out during the Water Supply workshop.
The training is
expected to involve a formal money contribution of Euro 2.500 and a local
contribution of Euro 2.500 for a total of Euro 5.000.
Maintenance of the
water structures will be carried out under the local money systems with a local
contribution for the first 24 months of Euro 3.500
On-going operation
costs are included in the analysis of
systematic outgo.
More information:
Principles behind the planned distributed drinking
water supply system.
Information on the wells and boreholes in the project area.
Description of the individual water points
Main file for the drinking water
structures.
Section 7.40
Annual formal money income of the project.
Section
7.30 Systematic formal expenses of the project.
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