Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
and
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English edition,
Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
List of illustrations.
DRAWING OF
WATER SYSTEM STRUCTURES.
WELL COMMISSIONS
DRAWING OF TYPICAL WATER TANK AREA.
The structures necessary for clean and sufficient
drinking water supply are the ones calling for the heaviest input in terms of
formal capital. The structures will be set up during the course of a Moraisain
organisational workshop which will follow the formation of most of the other
structures foreseen. The following indications will be subject to
modifications, some of them substantial. They will, however, give an idea of
the dimensions of the project.
There are no existing wells in the villages/areas in
question so wells will have to be be dug and lined, or boreholes drilled and
lined where necessary. The wells should be sited as close as possible to the
users. The water then has to be pumped through pipelines from the wells to
above-ground tanks situated near the users' houses, so that no-one need go more
than 150m from home to fetch water.
The solar pumps are capable
of carrying water under pressure over several kilometers. Multiple small
high-efficiency pumps in place of larger (but much less efficient) ones are
proposed to guarantee a safe constant water supply. If one pump needs
maintenance, or if one water pipeline is accidentally damaged, the other pumps
continue working.
Taking the project area into
account, water should be found at a maximum depth of +/- 90 m. On average the
water table should be at 20-40m. below
the surface.
Water quality must be checked and water sourced from deeper aquifers if necessary.
The wells will normally be 2m outside diameter and
1.8m internal diameter. The boreholes will have an internal diameter of at
least 8".
The costs of drilling some
boreholes is shown in the indicative budget.
The wells must be well
protected against soil instability, using linings locally made in gypsum composite products factories which are
an integral part of the project. The wells must be sealed so that surface water
cannot flow back down the well. Hand pumps and platforms must be built so that
the users' feet remain dry and never come in contact with water. Access to the
handpumps/wells must always be dry. For instance, shingle or similar materials
can be used so that users' feet always remain dry.
The layout of a typical well
installation is shown in: DRAWING OF WATER SYSTEM STRUCTURES.
Hand pump platform.
The choice of hand pumps should be such that
hand pump platforms do not need to be placed directly over the well or
borehole, but at an appropriate point near or at a distance from it.
Illustration of
a recommended handpump platform.
List of drinking water requirements.
The assessment of drinking water requirements is carried out on the
basis of an average distance not exceeding 10-
Example
of calculation of drinking water requirements.
(Village name).
See map (refer to map in the maps files).
a)
Inhabitants.
(number) family groups, (number)
population.
Drinking water supply required @
b)
Source of nearest electricity supply.
c)
Available clean drinking water supply
(boreholes)(wells)(handpumps).
d)
Social structures.
There
are also:
(number) Primary schools
--How
many children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school already supplied
with water? Give details
--Is the school connected to the electricity
network?
(number)
Intermediate schools
--How
many children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school already supplied
with water? Give details
--Is the school connected to the
electricity network?
(number)
Hospitals/clinics
--Number
of beds?
--Number of nurses and doctors
--Daily number of visitors?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number)
Tourist attractions.
--Number of
persons present
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number)
Market places.
--Number of
persons present? How often? How long?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number)
Churches, mosques, temples
(Description of use)
e) Adaptation existing water supply?
How can existing water supply structures be brought
within the project structures?
Are there any ownership restrictions?
How can they be solved?
f) New drinking water supply.
From
several (number) large diameter wells or boreholes, pump a total of (amount)m3
of drinking water per day.
g) Siting
of boreholes/wells.
(List indicative sites of each well or
borehole).
h) Pump
installations in each well or borehole.
Each well with (number) Solar Spring (or a suitable alternative) high
pressure solar pumps, for a total of (number) solar pumps for all of the wells and
boreholes together.
The solar pumps installed in each well are dedicated
according to the following criteria:
1.
One solar pump dedicated to a water tank installation supplying each
(number, usually 200-300) users, being
(number, usually 20-25) extended families.
2.
Schools in each well commission area : one solar pump dedicated to
a drinking water tank installation for
each school.
3.
Clinics in each well commission area :
TWO DEDICATED PUMPS each serving one drinking water tank with (at least
15m3 per day).
4.
Important market places, tourist attractions, public buildings. Separate systems may be
installed where the number of users justifies them.
Each well with triple unit inertia (or alternative hydraulic) back-up handpump-system
next to it, for a total of 198 hand pumps for all of the wells and boreholes
together. While a single unit back-up handpump may be sufficient in wells or
boreholes serving very small communities, there are no such small communities
in the project area.
i) The
average expected distance between each well or borehole listed in f) and the
solar pumps installed in it in g) is : 750?? metres.
j) Description
of each well or borehole system.
-
The well or borehole itself.
-
(Number) solar pumps with accompanying electronics.
-
48V photovoltaic panel sets with an installed power of 300Wp (being 4
panels with a nominal rating of 75Wp are foreseen. The pumping units can
however, handle arrays up to 400Wp. The are installed near the well or borehole
and are fitted with a multipoint handtracking system.
-
Fence or similar around PV panel installations.
A triple handpump system as backup. (In very small communities a single unit
back-up handpump may be sufficient.)
-
A washing place.
-
Sink pits for water drainage.
-
Paths for users, whose feet must always remain dry.
-
Simple accommodation for guardians.
-
Any other buildings for well-commission level services which may be
installed in the well or borehole area. An example of these is the local money
system transaction registration units.
-
Any communal gardens for the recycling of waste water run-off.
-
-
k) Positioning of the boreholes/wells
Description of each drinking water tank installation.
l)
Well commission ownership.
Ownership of the following structures is vested
in each well commission (th Central Committee of the Cooperative New Horizons for
Kiogoro for and on behalf of [the well commission in question]’’:
-
The ground where the well or borehole installations are placed.
-
The well or borehole itself.
-
The fence or similar around PV panel installations.
The back-up hand pump system.
-
The hand pump platform.
-
The washing place.
-
The sink pits for water drainage.
-
The paths for users, whose feet must always remain dry.
-
The simple accommodation for guardians.
-
Any ground and communal gardens used for the recyling of waste water
run-off.
Summary of water supply
Inhabitants : 80000
Boreholes : 66
Approximately litres/day 2.140.000 (
Solar pumps installed : 368
Installed photovoltaic power : 110.4 KW
15 m3 water tanks :368
Back-up hand pumps : 198, being 66
triple sets.
Pipelines from boreholes to water tanks
(estimation) : 200000m.
More information:
Principles of the distributed drinking water supplyt
Water points near family homes
Some budget items applicable to
the water supply structures
Main file for the drinking water
structures.
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