Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 11:
N.B: For each planned result, verifiable indicators
enabling on-going project progress to be identified, described and measured
should be given. Refer also to the Logical
Framework document.
Maximum 2 pages. Indicate how the action will improve:
(a) the situation of the target groups and final beneficiaries.
All 50.000 inhabitants, without exclusion, benefit from all of the
social, financial and productive structures and services set up during the
project.
Inhabitants will have 25 litres of clean drinking water per person per
day at a distance which should not exceed 200 metres from their homes, a
reserve supply of 25 litres of clean drinking water per person per day next to 35 well sites, and a supply of a
similar amount of non potable
water for personal purposes from rain-water harvesting at household level.
Dring all seasons, and in particular during the dry season.
A complete appropriate dry composting eco-sanitation system will be
installed in each of the 10.000 homes in the project area.
A contribution to the fight against water-borne diseases will also be
made through hygiene education through the formation of 200 Health Clubs for
women (however the Clubs will also be open to the participation of men), and
the introduction of institutionalised hygiene education courses in the 40
schools in the project area together eco-sanitation and drinking water supplies
there.
Students and other persons, especially women, who wish to study in the
evening will be able to do so
under acceptable lighting conditions in 200 study rooms built under the project
and fitted with photovoltaic lighting equipment.
The introduction of high efficiency bio-mass stoves made in the project area will lead to a
reduction (and later, to the elimination) of the importation of fuels for
cooking into the project area.
The work load on women will be reduced through the elimination of the
need for them to fetch water and wood for cooking purposes.
Local value added will be increase by the local recycling of non-organic
waste in the project area.
Available financial resources (both local money under the LETS
structures set up and formal money) will be constantly recycling interest-free
within the community in the project area.
Local industrial and agricultural production will be increased through
the use local money LETS systems and interest-free revolving micro-credit systems.
Ecological and sustainable exploitation of (name the areas concerned)
natural and tourist resources in the project area will be promoted in
cooperation with the (name the Ministries involved) and local flora and fauna
protected.
About 4000 jobs will be created.
Young people will be trained to repeat and multiply this innovative
pilot initiative in other parts of (host country) and in other countries.
(b)Describe where applicable
the responsibilities and technical and management capacities of the various
partners involved in project execution.
(This is not usually applicable to projects under the Model. )
(c) Describe the situation WITH THE ACTION in relation to the situation
WITHOUT THE ACTION.
The project supplies basic structures necessary to an acceptable quality
of life, including but not limited to hygiene education, supply a clean
drinking water, and sanitation facilities to all of the 50.000 people, without
exclusion, in the project area. At the same time the project makes a complete
range of self-managed social, financial and productive structures available to
the inhabitants. All these structures should be put in place during the first
15 months of project execution. However, some specific initiatives will only
begin towards the end of the 24 months’ executive period of the project. The
production of items necessary for
eco-sanitation and for rainwater harvesting, and of improved cooking stoves
and mini-briquettes for them will continue beyond the 24 months’
executive period.
Improvement in the quality of life of all the inhabitants in the project
area and in particular that of the women and children there should have become
a reality by the close of the first period of 24 months. However, several more
years will be needed to totally eliminate poverty fro the project area. During the first 24months about 4000
jobs will have been created, contributing to the reduction of unemployment in
the project area. Women will no longer be fetching water over long distances
and will be participating actively in the operation of the social, financial
and productive organs set up. Each family will on an average have
been able to benefit from an interest-free micro-credit for about Euro 100-250.
Over the first ten year project cycle, each family will receive interest-free
micro-credits for productivity increase for on an average about Euro 1500. The
entire population should be actively participating in the local money systems set
up. A beginning will have been made to the reduction of financial leakage from
the project area and the liberation of more human resources for local
production and development.
A contribution will already have been made to a reduction in the
incidence of water-borne diseases through the formation of 200 Health Clubs and
hygiene education courses in the schools, the supply of clean drinking water,
clean conditions around boreholes wells and water tanks, the improvement of
drainage in public places, the operation of waste recycling structures, and a
start to the installation of 10.000 structures sanitary structures in each home
in the project area, to be completed over a period of about 4-5 years.
Fight against smoke hazards to health, especially of that of women and
children, will have begun with the introduction of improved cooking stoves and
mini-briquettes for them. Reduction on the dependence of the population in the
project area on imported fuels for cooking and lighting will have commenced. Some of the
families will no longer have to fetch wood for cooking. Over a period of 4-5 years, distribution of the 20.000 stoves necessary will have been
completed, and production of the mini-briquettes necessary for their operation
under way.
The following social structures will be in place :
200 structures for basic
hygiene education for women, and on-going systematic hygiene education courses
in the schools.
200 tank commissions.
35 well commissions.
1 project level management unit.
A three-tiered social security system for the elderly, the sick and the
handicapped.
The
following financial structures will be in place:
A self-run cooperative
interest-free, inflation-free local money system enabling limitless transfer of
locally produced and consumed goods and services to take place.
A self-run cooperative,
interest-free micro-credit system for local productivity increase.
The
following productive structures will be in place :
Two structures for the
production of articles made from gypsum composites, such as those for sanitation purposes, the
high-efficiency stoves, rain-water harvesting.
200 structures for recycling of organic waste, and 35 structures for the
recycling of n on-organic waste.
35 structures for the manufacture
of mini-briquettes for the improved stoves ;400 sources for the growing of
bio-mass for the mini-briquettes.
200 structures enabling students (including women) to study in the evening.
(d)
Describe in detail steps to be taken to monitor the given indicators.
Most
of the social, financial, and productive structures set are by the project are
physically quantifiable. Since the services are placed at the disposition of
all of the inhabitants without exclusion, control and systematic monitoring are simple to organise. The structures are
concentrated in a clearly drawn territory. In particular, clean drinking water
and sanitation structures are
physically present following a systematic and known pattern..
According
to the new development principles applied in this project, the basic task of
the applicant is on-gong control over project execution. This control is
continuous, with the participation of a team including (an executive director,
an economist, a civil engineer, a sociologist, a secretariat all or any of whom
may physically attend meetings project execution.
In
more detail :
For
the 200 Health Clubs, the following information is available. Workshop reports;
presence at the workshop; reports
on the activities of the clubs; presence at the meetings held by Health Clubs chosen at random. Copies
of printed material for the courses. Research enquiry amongst women. The same
applied for the Hygiene education courses in the schools.
For
the 200 Tank Commissions, heart of the project, the following information is
available: Workshop reports; presence at the workshop; reports on the activities of the
commission; presence at the meetings held by Commissions hosen at random. Statistics on the activities of
the Commissions. Inspection of the physical structures run by the commissions
and checking their operation. Enquiries amongst the populations served by
specified tank commissions. The same is applicable to the work of the well
commissions.
In
particular, with regard to clean drinking water services, physical execution of
the works according to the project plan,
starting with the well digging or drilling and their equipment, the
photovoltaic installations, the presence of guards; works for the installation of feed pipes. Information on
progress made with the construction of tank production units, tank supports, panel supports and
designs for the preparation of moulds for their manufacture. Subsequently,
monitoring their production and installation. Monitor the distance between the
tank sites and the homes served. Then actively actual supply of drinking water
to the families and the action taken to control water quality.
With
regard the sanitation structures, monitor the physical execution of works for
the construction of the production units foreseen, and for the exploitation of
the gypsum quarries. la suite,
Monitor progress made on the design and preparation of forms and moulds for the
manufacture of the sanitation systems and their installation. Check installation
statistics and statistics on system operation.. Monitor operation amongst
random-chosen households. Organise surveys amongst the population.
With
regard to the operation of the local financial structures set up : the
applicant can carry out a comparison between financial activities at the time
of the survey and those applying at the start of the project. Surveys amongst
users can be held. A list of activities started after project start-up can be
held. Study information and statistics on the operation of the micro-credit
systems. Participate in meetings of the management organs of the funds.
Physically check the work and operation of the local money transaction
registration centres.
The
35 recycling centres can be checked aby physical observation of the cleanliness
of the environment in the project area. Surveys amongst users can be held. The
recycling centres can be visited. Liaison can be set up with the Ministry of Public Health and with
Public Health inspectors charged with supervision over the recycling centres.
With
regard to the introduction of 20.000 high efficiency stoves, the production of
mini-briquettes for them, and the elimination of smokes hazards in and around
the homes, the physical presence of the stoves in the homes can be checked,
surveys held amongst users; visits made to the mini-briquette production units;
the books and accounts of the production units checked ; the physical presence
of bio-mass in the fields
checked..
(g)
Level of implication of other
participating organisations.
Execution : local
populations with the support of the project coordinator and a small team of
specialists “the project government”.
Permanent structural monitoring of project execution : the task of the
applicant, as “project parliament” .
Auditing commission checking applicant’s books.
Independent audit.
(h)Justification
of partners’ roles.
Not
usually applicable to projects under the Model.
(i)
Team proposed for the execution of the action (describe for each function: do
not include the names of individual persons involved).
The project mobilises and/or employs about 4000
permanently, being about 10% of the target adult population. Here are some
examples of permanent jobs. Figures vary from one project to another and are
indicative.
200 Health Club leaders;
1000 tank commission members;
200 well commission members;
10 members of the central management unit;
100 person for the registration of local money transactions;
200 local money transaction assistants;
200 local recycling system members;
100 well-level recycling members;
200 guards for structures;
400 farmers for bio-mass for mini-briquettes;
100 mini-briquette manufacturers;
100 manufacturers of gypsum composite products such as tanks, stoves,
sanitation systems;
50 installers;
20 maintenance staff;
10 people for water quality control.
Les
following professional services are foreseen :
Project
coordinator and a team comprising:
1.
1 general consultant for the application of the
principles on which the project is based. (24 months)
2.
1 expert in Moraisian workshops. (12 months)
3.
1 hygiene education course expert. (6 months)
4.
1 gypsum composites expert. (24 months)
Auditing
commission : seven members. The commission has investigative powers and can
view all project documents and actions at any moment.
Independent
audit.
2.2
Results
Maximum 1 page. Be specific and
quantify the results where possible.
- 001 environmental impact study carried out.
- 001 permanent system coordination structure set up.
- 001 (eco-system; park; lake; fauna; flora; mountain) resources opened
to tourism during the project period.
- 200 local autonomous social and financial structures set up.
- 200 tank commissions set up, with 1000 women responsible for them.
-
035 well commissions set up, with 250 women responsible for them.
- 001 drinking water structures workshop completed.
- 001 project level drinking water management structure set up.
- 035 wells and/or boreholes with a diameter of at least 8” prepared. (Typical
total drilling 3000 meters).
- 100 backup hand-pump systems, including 33 triple unit groups
installed as “back-up” to the photovoltaic drinking water structures.
- 200 tank commission level drinking water structures produced and installed.
- 250 solar pumps installed.
- 075 kilowatt of photovoltaic panels for pumps for distributed drinking
water installed.
- 200 kilometres of channelling for drinking water feed-pipe dug and
prepared.
- 200 km of drinking water feed-pipe laid.
- 001 structure for the installation and maintenance of solar- and
hand-pumps set up, together with spare parts stocks.
- 035 well-commission level drinking water structures set up.
- 035 washing places at well-commission level installed.
- 035 back-up systems for drinking water treatment at schools and
clinics installed and structure for the systematic checking of drinking water
quality set up-
- 001 workshop for the formation of 200 health clubs held.
- 001 workshop for the formation of
200 social structures held.
- 001 workshop for the formation of local money systems held..
- 035 centres for the registration of local money transactions set up.
- 001 workshop for micro credit structures held.
- 001 complete structure for the management of micro-credits set up.
- 001 workshop for the sourcing and quality control of gypsum resources
set up.
- 002 factories for the production of articles made from gypsum composites
built.
- 001 workshop for analysis and design of gypsum composite products
held.
- 001 workshop for waste recycling systems held.
- 001 compost recycling network set up.
- 001 network for the recycling of non-organic waste set up.
- 10.000 eco-sanitation systems, one in each home in the project area,
built and installed (500-1000 installed
by the end of the first 24 months’ executive period).
- Construction and installation 10.000 rain-water harvesting systems,
one in each home. (250-500 installed the end of the first 24 months’ executive
period).
- Production and installation of 20.000 high efficiency stoves, two in
each home. (1500-2500 in operation
by the end of the first 24 months’ executive period).
- 001 workshop for the growing of biomass for mini-briquettes for stoves
held..
- 035 units for the production of
mini-briquettes for improved stoves built and the production of mini-briquettes
commenced.
- 200 agreements for the production of biomass for mini-briquettes
reached; production of biomass commenced.
- 200 study rooms built and equipped.
- 200 photovoltaic lighting systems for study purposes installed.
- 020 kilowatt of photovoltaic power for lighting for study purposes
installed.
- 035 photovoltaic lighting systems for study purposes at schools installed.
- 005 kilowatt of
photovoltaic panels installed at schools for study purposes.
- 001 workshop for the formation of a radio station held.
- 001 local radio station structure set up.
- 001 multiplying factor introduced for emulation in other project areas
in the project’s host country.
The “productive” structures mentioned receive funds to cover the formal money costs of their formation. Beneficiaries reimburse these funds into the Cooperative Local Development Fund set up, usually over a period of 4-5 years. The funds made available to them are interest-free. The repayments are made according to the real possibilities of those involved. Decisions as to the rate of repayment are made by users themselves during the Workshops where the structures are set up. The reimbursements are financed by the sale, for a certain period of time, of part of the production for formal money outside the project area, and, in the case of waste recycling activities, by the “export” for formal money of solid waste which is not recyclable in the project area.
2.3Multiplying
effects and value added
Maximum 1 page. Describe the possibilities of reproduction and extension of the results of the action.
The proposal responds to the goals of and the principles behind the
tender in a particularly innovative way. It provides for the development of numerous
permanent physical and sustainable social, financial, and productive structures
which all become the property of the inhabitants themselves, in the management
of which women play a dominating role. The inhabitants participate in the planning, execution and management
of the project structures. They sustainably organise, run, and maintain all of
the structures set up at their own cost. The monthly contribution (usually Euro
0,60-0,75 per person) paid by each family into the Cooperative Local Development
Fund covers the entire range of services offered, and is affordable even to the
poorest families, who benefit from a three tiered social. Security system
itself integrated into the project structures. Sustainable hygiene education,
drinking water, eco-sanitation systems at household level and structures for
the recycling of organic and non-organic waste and for the elimination of smoke
hazards inside users’ homes improve the conditions of health in the project
area, and in particular that of women and children. Elimination of the use of
wood for cooking leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions and to the protection of
forests and the environment in general. The project sets up a complete,
voluntary, cooperative, interest-free, inflation-free local economic
environment entirely managed by the community itself.
The proposed project is fully integrated in an innovative way and
represents a world-wide precedent. Poverty can be eliminated in the project area
over a period of 4-5 years at a cost of about Euro 105 per person through the
supply of a full range of basic structures necessary to a good quality of life,
with the creation of several thousand individual and cooperative jobs (in this
case about 4.000) (4000 environ) and local money systems enabling limitless exchanges of locally produced
goods and services in the project area. Each family receives on an average at
least Euro 1500 in interest-free micro-credits for productivity increase over
each period of 10 years. The success of this first project in (name of host
country) should lead to the formation of an integrated development strategy at
national level, and to pilot projects in other countries. In (host country) a
total of (number) projects is needed to give full national coverage, with a
total cost of (Euro 5.000.000 times the number of projects). Initial project
execution lasts just two years. The entire population of (host country) can
therefore in principle receive clean drinking water and sanitation structures
before 2015.
Since
a group of interested qualified persons interested in coordinating future
projects is trained during each single project under the Model, the system on
which this project is based is potentially rapidly self-propagating.
At
the same time warnings must be given. The rate of acceptation and practical
application of the concepts depends on the capacity and leaderships qualities
of those responsible (mostly women) for the different structures. While around
one water tank optimum utilisation may be made from the local money system put
in pace, around another system trading may develop much more slowly.
Utilisation of structures such as those for sanitation and those for
high-efficiency stoves and mini-briquettes may also be subject to major
fluctuations from one place to another. The new financial structures set up do not substitute the
existing formal money structures.
They peacefully co-exist with them. Inhabitants are always free to choose
whether to apply the local money system or the formal money system to a given
transaction. The way this is done may vary sharply not only from one project
area to another, but also within a given project area.
2.4
Short- and long-term sustainability.
Maximum 3 pages.
a) Short- and
long-term impact on target groups (especially final beneficiaries).
The short term goals of the project are:
a) To carry out a basic
hygiene education programme by establishing Community Health Clubs in the project
area and promoting hygiene education courses in schools
b) To install technically
appropriate sanitation for the people in the project area.
c) To provide a permanent
safe drinking water supply in the project area in all foreseeable circumstances.
d) To make safe drinking
water available within a radius of 150-200m from users' homes.
e) To contribute to the
fight against water-related diseases through hygiene education, the supply of
appropriate sanitation and clean drinking water systems.
f) To reduce the work load
on women
g) To provide for the
continuity of health, sanitation and drinking water systems by establishing
appropriate institutional structures.
h) To enable students and
others who wish to study in the evening to do so.
i) To avoid the need to
import wood into the local system.
j) To introduce efficient
bio-mass fuelled means of cooking and solar cookers for daytime applications.
k) To create added value
through recycling of non-organic waste.
l) To keep available
financial resources (LETS money and formal money) revolving within the
beneficiary communities.
m) To stimulate on-going
local industrial and agricultural development through the use of local currency
(LETS) and micro-credit systems.
n) To create large-scale job
opportunities
The long-term goals of the project
are:
a)To sustain on-going
improvement of the general quality of life well-being and health of the local
people.
b)To free more human
resources for local production and development.
c)To reduce water-borne diseases
so that medical staff and financial resources can be re-directed to other
health objectives such as vaccination programmes and preventive medicine.
d)To decrease infant
mortality and promote family planning.
e)To increase literacy
levels.
f)To eliminate dependency on
fuels imported from outside the project area.
g)To help reduce
deforestation and global warming.
h)To create value added from
locally recycled non-organic solid waste.
i)To create a
"maintenance culture" to conserve the investments made.
j)To increase the local pool
of expertise so that local people can improve their sustainable well-being and
development by identifying and solving problems, including erosion, with a
minimum of outside help.
k)To create full employment
in the project area.
b) Financial
aspects (how will the on-going project activities be financed at the end of
project execution).
The project is
sustainably financially
self-financing once the planned social and financial structures are in place,
and before the distributed drinking water structures have been installed.
Each family pays 0,60 Euro – 0,75 Euro per person per
month into a Cooperative Local Development Fund.
Assuming a monthly input of Euro 0,60 per person, annual revenues for a population de 50.000 person amount to
Euro 360.000. Formal money costs for maintenance amount to Euro 69.500, bearing in mind that most
activities take place under the local money systems set up. Formal money
interest-free capital for various productive structures set up under the
project are also repaid into the Cooperative Local Development Fund, usually
over a period of 4-5 years.
At the close of the first period of 10 years of project activity, a
large sum, net of all on-going maintenance costs, will have accumulated in the
Cooperative Local Development Fund. During the first ten years’ period, these
funds are continuously recycled interest-free in the project area for
productivity development purposes. The total value of these micro-credit loans
is at least Euro 16.000.000, which is at least Euro 1.500 on an average for
each family.
Where the initial seed capital is paid by way of interest-free loan which is repaid in a
lump sum at the close of the first ten years period, or where new capital
investments are made in the
project area after the first ten years project operation, the amount in the
Cooperative Local Development Fund temporarily returns to zero. However, the
families continue to make their monthly payments into the Fund, and the capital
in the Fund, collective mutual property of the population, gradually builds up
again as it did during the first period of ten years. After 20 years, funds are available where necessary to
make to replacements of capital
goods or extensions to project services. The amount in the Cooperative Local
Development Fund will in that case once again temporarily return to zero, only
to build up again during the third period of ten years so as to sustainably cover capital investments for an unlimited
period of time. Where the initial
seed capital is paid by way of grant, the Fund does not return to zero after
the first period of ten years’ activity unless the inhabitants decide to make
extensions to the project services. Where the capital accumulated is not used
for loan repayment or for extensions to project services, the sum accumulated
can become very large, and the amounts available to the families for
interest-free micro-credit finance for productivity purposes plentiful.
Of particular interest are the innovative
application of the compensation principle and the new possibilities offered
under the Kyoto treaty.
Under the compensation principle applied in the
Model, users’ monthly contributions of about Euro 0,60 per person are covered
by savings on some of their current expenditure as a result of the execution of
the project. For instance, where families now spend a large slice of their
income for wood for cooking or for drinking water or medicines, these costs
will be eliminated or reduced under the projects, releasing formal money for
other uses. Wood will not be used. It will be replaced by mini-briquettes
grown, produced, and distributed under the LETS local money systems. The supply
of drinking water and the maintenance of water supply structures are already
covered under the monthly contributions. General increases in living conditions
(hygiene education, clean drinking water, sanitation, elimination of smoke,
better drainage, a more varied diet) should lead to less illness and less need
to buy medicines.
Some sustainable applications under the
proposed project applications reduce CO2 emissions. The main one is through the
use of locally-produced high efficiency cooking stoves, others are the
substitution of the use of kerosene lamps by solar home systems, and of some
pumping systems by solar or advanced hand-pump technologies, and the reduction
of the use of non-rechargeable batteries. They therefore qualify under the
Kyoto treaty for the issue of CER certificates, which can be traded to
industrialised countries. The value of these certificates will contribute to
covering the cost of the projects and may, over time, cover all their costs,
enabling the seed capital to be recycled for other poverty alleviation
initiatives.
1.
Institutional level ( will structures enabling activities to be
continued at the end of the action be put in place? Will the results of the
action be vested in the beneficiary population?).
Apart from structures basic to poverty
alleviation and an improved quality of life, such as hygiene education at home
and in the schools, water supply, sanitation in the homes at schools and in
clinics, solar lighting for study purposes, solar refrigeration for medicines
in clinics, improved cooking stoves etc, neither the Model nor the draft rural
development projects presented attempt to list all of the initiatives which
could take place, as these are as varied as the minds and wishes of the people.
Cooperative interest-free self-terminating
building society type structures can be set up at tank commission, well
commission, or central project level to finance the purchase of interest-free
solar home systems and other renewable energy structures of particular common
interest to the people in the project area.
However, any services the local people may
consider of special importance can always be included in the project and
itemised in the budget. Some examples are the setting up of a local radio
station, setting up local milk shops for the pasteurisation and distribution of
milk, the creation of cooperative storage facilities for food, especially for
food for local consumption, the creation of a seed bank and the draining and
re-structuring of market squares and public places. Many such poverty
alleviation initiatives may require some project-level formal money funds.
Other initiatives, for instance, creating sports clubs, theatre groups, local
consultants’ offices, or communications centres, plant nurseries, reforestation
etc would typically be done under a combination of the LETS local money systems
and the interest-free micro-credit systems.
2.
Political level (what will the structural impact of the action be?
Will it bring about an improvement in legislation, codes of conduct, of methods
etc?).
One
of the most interesting aspects of the project is that no changes in
legislation or of existing rules are necessary for it to be put into execution.
Project structures do not replace existing ones. They co-exist peacefully and
in harmony with them. Users are always free (except for activities direct
related to project execution) to choose whether to conduct a give transaction
under the existing formal money system or under the local money system set up.
Having
said that, success of this first project in (host country) should lead to the
adoption of the concepts for a
political strategy of local development at national level, and to pilot
projects in other countries. In (host country) about (number) of projects are
necessary to ensure national covrage, with a global cost of (multiply number of projects by Euro
5.000.000 = for example Euro 500.000.000 for 100 projects). The initial
executive part of each project lasts just two years. In principle full national
coverage can be attained well before 2015.
3.
Environmental and social aspects.
The project is 100%
ecological. With reference to the use of energy, it privileges in first place
human energy in the form of (paid) manual labour through the local money
systems set up which are based on the perceived value of an hour’s work, and on
the principles of continuous interest-free recycling of local money and formal
money funds at local level.
Secondly, the project privileges the use of renewable energy sources. It
eliminates the use of wood for cooking and replaces it with locally produced
high-efficiency stoves using locally produced mini-briquettes. Organic and
non-organic wastes are recycled
locally. Production techniques using locally available gypsum composites
for most of the items needed for project execution are zero-energy activities,
requiring no other energy source than the human muscle. Waste waters including
grey waters are recycled at household level and in the production units
themselves.
With regard to
social structures, the social and financial structures set up under the
project offer a three-tiered
social security system both under the formal money structures and under the
local money structures covering the interests of the elderly, the sick and the
handicapped. The local money debits of a sick person can be temporarily
released from earning credits at the decision of the local tank commission.
Where a problem is permanent, his debits can be redistributed amongst the
members of his family, amongst his friends, amongst members of socially
oriented groups willing to help the weaker members of society, amongst all of
the families referring to a given tank commission, amongst all of the members
referring to a well commission, and in the most extreme cases amongst all of
the families in the project area.
2.5
Logical frame
Complete the
logical framework chart[1].
See Annexe C Logical
frame.xls
Back: Description of the action.
Menu of files for funding purposes.
Typical list of graphs and
drawings.
List of maps.
Documents for funding
applications.