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                                                                                    01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development  (Dip. Int. Dev.)

 

Edition 01: 14 November, 2009

Tekstvak:          Quarter 2.

 

 

 

 

Tekstvak: SECTION B : SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS.

 

 

 

 

Value: 06 points out of 18 .

Expected work load: 186 hours out of 504.

 

The points are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the Problems.

 


 

Fourth block: The structures to be created.

 

Value : 03 points out of 18

Expected work load: 96 hours out of 504

 

The points are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the Problems.

 


 

Fourth block: The structures to be created.

 

Section 2:  Social structures. [16 hours]

 

13.00 hours : Social structures.

03.00 hours : Preparation report.

 


 

Section 2:  Social structures. [16 hours]

 

Social structures : analysis.  [13.00 hours]

 

1. Health clubs. [ 3.00 hours]

2. Tank commissions. [2.50 hours]

3. Well commissions. [2.50 hours]

4. Central committee. [2.50 hours]

5. Three-tiered social security structure. [2.50 hours]

 

03.00 hours : Preparation report.

 


 

Social structures : analysis.  [13.00 hours]

 

5. Three-tiered social security structure. [ At least 2.50 hours]

 

The integrated development concepts introduced in this course offer an innovative, practical, vision of social solidarity within each project area.

 

Each form of solidarity follows a line of redistribution which starts at tank commission level. Should the case be beyond the capacity of the tank commission area where the elderly, sick, handicapped, or poor person lives, it (or part of it) can be referred to the well commission it refers to.  Should the case be beyond the capacity of the well commission area where the elderly, sick, handicapped, or poor person lives, it (or part of it) can be referred to the central committee.

In principle, solidarity initiatives are mostly expressed within the framework of the local money system set up in each project area. They can then be  «monetised » in local money terms, and therefore quantified in local money. Local money unit debits accumulated by an elderly, sick, handicapped or very poor person can be distributed amongst some or all or the youngest or volunteers from adult family members; or by the entire group served by a tank commission, of by the entire group served by a well commission. Or even by the entire adult population in the project area.

 

In section 13. Social security system of  Section  2. Services at the basis of a good quality of life of the first block : Poverty and quality of life of the course a first analysis was made of the social support needs to be met under the local money system to be set up in your area.

 

Once the three tiers of the social structures (tank, well, project) have been created and the local money system is in place, a social solidarity system in favour of the needy is automatically in place. Social control over applicants for help is very strong, since everyone at tank commission level knows everyone else served by the tank commission in question, risk of fraud is practically eliminated.

 

The vertical passage (tank, well, project) of decisions and the redistribution of onus in relation to the seriousness of each case, applies to all of the structures foreseen. Take, for instance, nursing costs; food help;  support in making the monthly formal money contributions to the Cooperative Local Development Fund. On condition that the request is socially justifiable, there is practically no limitation to the solidarity made available to the needy. The main reason for this is that the work needed to provide the help in question is part of the productive activities of the community. The person providing each service is paid for his/her work under the local money system. The beneficiary is the debtor. His/her local money account is charged with the same amount.  When his/her account becomes strongly negative, the responsible member of the tank commission or the tank commission itself make recommendations for the redistribution of the negative balance.

 

For example, a negative balance of 1000 units represents 100 hours’ work, assuming an average of 10 units for each hour’s work. With 200 adults in the tank commission area, the 1000 units could be distributed amongst the 200 adults (including the beneficiary !), being 5 units per adult, ort 30 minutes’ work.

 

In case of need, the local well commission can be asked to redistribute all or part of 1000 units at well commission level.. Supposing a proposal is made for the redistribution at tank commission level of 200 units (in our example 1 unit per adult, or 6 minutes’ work)  and the redistribution of the remaining  800 units at well commission level. Suppose the well commission serves 8 tank commissions. In that case, 100 units would be debited to each tank commission area, including the one that applied for the solidarity contribution. The 100 units redistributed to each of the 8 tank commissions would be divided amongst the 200 adults (assumed average) served by the commission. This would amount to 0.5 units per person, or the equivalent of 3 minutes’ work.

 

On very serious situations, an application can be made for  solidarity contributions at project level.

 

Within the framework of integrated development projects, services provided to the needy is seen as productive work.

 

«In the Service Economy, it would appear that the link between monetarised and non-monetarised activities is one of interdependence and that a growing part of these non-monetarised activities, are in fact a form of productive work in the sense of contributing to the wealth of nations and in some cases even as an essential element in the functioning of the monetarised world itself. »  Giarini.O, Liedtke P. «Integrating the monetised and non-monetised activities », The Employement Dilemma and the Future of Work, The Risk  Institute,  Paper 6, 21 October 2006.

 

Wichterich C. Translated from German by Specht B, Re-embedding the economy in social relations and sustainable relations with nature WIDE News, Brussels, Number 2 and 3, 2009, pp 1 and  4 writes :

 

« However, industrial and financial value creation is based on a thick layer of social regeneration, care work and social safety nets on the one hand and the regenerative power of nature on the other. The capitalist valorisation process constantly appropriates those social and natural performances, without remuneration or by mercilessly underpaying for personal services such as care for the elderly – work allegedly considered of little productivity.  (p.1)» 

 

« A crucial building block of a solidarity-based and justice-oriented economic regime would be a redistribution and revaluation of waged labour and care labour, of production and reproduction. This could be a cornerstone for an economy which gives preference to provision for all and cooperation over growth,

competition and profit maximisation, and puts the economy as well as democracy back on its feet: it would plan, regulate and decide about the division of labour, markets, well-being and development from the bottom up, in a decentralised and gender-just manner. (p.4) » 

 

Integrated development projects endeavour to generate productive activities for the handicapped, including the blind.. Communities can make long-term investments– for example in soap-nut plantations (sapindus trifiolatus, perhaps even sapindis mukorossi ) which begin to produce fruit after nine years, or through the management of communication points, or work in cooperative plant nurseries. Productive work opportunities available in cooperative local economic systems set up under integrated development projects make it possible for the needy to make their own contribution according to the physical possibilities, thereby reducing the net contributions made under the social security systems.

 

The system of redistribution for the benefit of the needy in integrated development  projects is «automatically »  in place as soon as the three levels of social management and the financial structures foreseen are in place.

 

1. Research.

 

Make a two-page description of how the three-tiered social security structures built into integrated development projects work. Your work should have five sections : an introduction, one for each administrative level, and a conclusion.

 

The social solidarity provided under integrated development projects is complementary to formal circuit structures provided by the local council, the region, or the state.  Integrated development projects are not intended as substitutes for state or public obligations.

 

2. Research.

 

On one page make a list of support services made available by formal structures  to the needy in your project area, and those you think would need to be covered at project level.

 

3. Research.

 

On one page explain how services to the needy in integrated development projects qualify automatically as regularly paid productive work within the framework of the local money systems set up.

 

4. Opinion.

 

You are the general manager for the on-going administration of an integrated development project. Suppose and (improbable) situation arises where the the debit balances of some needy people were to become unsupportable for the community. On one page, explain which action you would recommend the Central Committee to take.

 

5. Opinion.

 

Describe on one page how the social security system foreseen is immune (or, where applicable, open) to fraudulent actions.

 



 Fourth block :  Section 2 : The social structures.

 Fourth  block : The structures to be created.


Main index  for the Diploma in Integrated  Development  (Dip. Int. Dev.)

 List of key words.

 List of references.

  Course chart.

 Technical aspects.


 Courses available.

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"Money is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them."

Gesell, Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228.

 

“Poverty is created scarcity”

Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th annual NGO Conference, United Nations, New York 7th September 2005.

 


 

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