NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip.
Int. Dev.)
Edition
01: 19 November, 2009
Value: 06
points out of 18 .
Expected work
load: 186 hours out of 504.
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Value : 03 points out of 18
Expected work load: 96 hours
out of 504
The points are
finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Section 3: Financial
structures.[24 hours]
20.00 hours :Financial
structures.
04.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 3: Financial
structures.[24 hours]
20.00 hours :Financial
structures : analysis.
1. The basic concepts - introduction. [ 2.5 hours]
2. The basic concepts – more
details. [ 2.5 hours]
3. The local money
systems - introduction [ 2.5
hours]
4. The local money systems –
more details. [ 2.5 hours]
5. The interest-free micro-credit
systems - introduction.[2.5
hours]
6. The interest-free
micro-credit systems - more details.[2.5
hours]
7. The cooperative purchasing groups - introduction. [2.5 hours]
8. The cooperative purchasing
groups – more details. [2.5 hours]
04.00 hours : Preparation report.
Section 3: Financial
structures.[24 hours]
20.00 hours :Financial
structures : analysis.
8. The cooperative purchasing
groups – more details. [At least 2.5 hours]
The financial structures already described in this Section 3: The financial structures
of Block 4 the structures to be created
cover the creation of a local money system for the transfer of goods and
services in each individual project area, and the creation of an interest-free micro-credit
system for productive investments. All
of the inhabitants in the project area have the right to participate in and
benefit from those structures.
Management Cooperatives can also provide many other
services to their members. The number of the services and the way they are
organised will vary from one project to another. Successful initiatives can be expected to be
copied within each project and by one project area from another.
Services
Some
types of initiative are however expected to be systemic and applied in most
project areas. There are two
groups : those needing formal government authorisation and those which can
be set up by individual projects independently.
Services
often requiring formal authorisation
include:
a)
traditional formal money banking activities such as the management of the bank accounts
of individual members.
b)
insurance activities.
c)
local formal money capital account investments.
«Free » services
include :
a)
Voluntary purchasing groups
As
the quality of life of the inhabitants of project areas improves, the people should have more formal money
reserves for the purchase of some types of comfort items. Each Management
Cooperative’s first task is to try to do everything at local level which can be
done at local level, using the micro-credit system, local materials and cooperative
labour (excluding all employer-employee relationships) available under the
local money system set up. This is done to avoid financial leakage from project
areas.
The
financial structures foreseen cover just the basic requirements for a good
quality of life of the populations. Inhabitants with formal money reserves are
obviously always free to spend their money the way they wish. It is the job of
the Management Cooperative for each area to supply structures which avoid all
need to make interest payments, except for interest already incorporated in the
price of products– see 02.
Some factors linked to poverty in
section 1
of block 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty of the course.
b)
Management of a fund covering costs of medicines and medical services.
The
Model provides for a service for the distribution of medicines. This means the
collection of medicines needed and their delivery to patients. Services can
also include a basic nursing services and tank commission and/or well
commission level.
The
services do NOT cover the cost of the medicines themselves. Section 07 Financial leakage : health and education of section 1
of block 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty and work done in the Second block : The problems to be resolved both
set our the role of pharmaceuticals industries in development , showing that the
supply of medicines is one of the causes of financial leakage from poor areas,
and one of the causes of poverty. Integrated development concepts give priority
to the reduction of pharmaceutical requirements.
This
does not mean however, that cooperatives covering the costs of medicines cannot
be set up at tank commission, well commission and central committee levels in
each project area. These structures would be financed in the same way as the
Cooperative Local Development Fund which provides funds for micro-credit loans.
Each participating family would in that case also make a monthly contribution to the «health
fund » .
Depending
on the decisions taken by the populations in question, the funds can be:
-
compulsory for all of the families served by a tank commission, well commission
or central committee.
-
voluntary, in favour of participating families served by a tank commission,
well commission or central committee.
Depending
on the decisions taken by the populations in question, the funds can take the
form of:
-
final payments for medicines.
-
interest-free loans for the purchase of medicines, subject to reimbursement
according to the possibilities of individuals or families in question.
Contributions to the fund will be much higher in the first case than in the
second case.
c)
Management of education fund.
The
Model for integrated development projects
provides for a service for the construction of local buildings and for
the payment of teachers under the local money system set up. These services do
not cover formal money costs for education.
This
does not prevent the formation of
cooperatives covering education costs at tank commission, well
commission or central committee levels .in each project area. These structures
would be financed in the same way as the Cooperative Local Development Fund
which provides funds for micro-credit loans. Each participating family would in
that case also make a monthly
contribution to the «education fund » .
Depending
on the decisions taken by the populations in question, the funds can be:
-
compulsory for all of the families served by a tank commission, well commission
or central committee.
-
voluntary, in favour of participating families served by a tank commission,
well commission or central committee.
Priority
is given to basic Project structures.
The
first priority families have is to make their monthly contributions to the
Cooperative Local Development Fund. These contributions cover the entire range
of basic services offered to all of the inhabitants in each project area.
Participants
in supplementary Funds, whether for entire communities at project level,
well-commission level , or tank commission level, whether voluntary or not, must have enough formal money means available
to cover their additional obligations as well as there basic monthly
contribution to the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
Management.
The three management levels controlled by the Central Committee of the
Cooperative for the on-going management of all of the structures of each integrated development
project are responsible for the management of
the cooperative purchasing and service groups. The local money costs for
the management of each initiative are debited automatically to the members
taking part in the initiative in question. Eventual formal money costs are
reimbursed to the management Cooperative directly by the funds being managed.
Number of initiatives.
There is no limit to the number of cooperative
purchasing groups set up under the framework of an integrated development
project. There might be for example a
compulsory « medicines » group at tank commission level, or a voluntary « medicines
group » at well commission level,
or a voluntary «medicines» group available to all of the members in a
project area. In all these cases, there can be groups for «general medicines » or groups
operating in specific sectors, for instance for AIDS patients or for the
distribution of condoms, anti-conception pills etc.
Some specific problems.
Some purchasing services lend themselves to application at project
level. One of them might be the supply of contact lenses (but not spectacles);
another orthodpćdic
corrections for children and young people ; yet another the distribution of condoms.
Organisational workshops.
Cooperative purchasing groups do not require
organisation workshops. All structures needed should already be in place and in
operation.
1. Research.
On one page
make a list, in order of priority, of the purchasing cooperatives you would
like to see operative in your chosen area. Next to each one, state at the level
at which you think it should operate, and whether it should be compulsory or
voluntary.
2. Opinion.
You are the
General Manager of the Cooperative for the on-going management of project
structures .in your chosen area. You want to set up the health structures
included in the list you have prepared.. Formally speaking, i some cases the
services in question should be supplied by the Ministry of Health through its
regional or local organs. Obviously you
expect the national health structures to contribute to the costs of setting up
and running the services you want to introduce.
Present your two-page plan.. Begin with an introduction to the problem you want to solve. Outline
one by one the structures in question and the specific reasons for their
introduction. Explain how the structures would solve the problems. Set out the
expected formal money costs and the
contribution you expect the authorities to make. Justify your action on the
basis of the Millennium development goals and the documents signed by your
country on Human Rights, the Rights of Children, and Women’s Rights. Give an
indication of the period for the execution and start-up of the services in
question. State your conclusion.
3. Opinion.
On one page,
write the comments, eventually critical ones, that you would expect to receive
from the public health authorities on your application.
4. Opinion.
You are a
women and chairperson of a tank commission. You want to set a compulsory fund
up for all of the families served by your commission, for the purchase of solar
home systems. On two pages, present your ideas to the inhabitants during a tank
commission meeting. Begin
with an introduction – what is the
problem you want to solved ? Explain to them how your proposal would
increase the quality of life of the
families. Explain how you would establish the priorities for the distribution
of the systems (drawing lots; precedence for the poorest). Explain the
financial aspects and their relationship with the monthly contributions paid
into the Cooperative Local Development Fund. Tell them how long it will take
for all participant families to get a solar home system installed. Outline the
administrative support the group would get from the Cooperative for the
on-going management of the project structures, and the expected costs expressed
in local money terms. Draw your conclusions.
◄ Fourth block : Section 3: Financial structures.
◄ Fourth block : The structures to be created.
◄ Main index for the
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
"Money
is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars
them."
Gesell,
Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen,
“Poverty is created scarcity”
Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th
annual NGO Conference, United Nations,
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