NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
01: 31 October, 2009
01. E-course : Diploma in
Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
SECTION B : SOLUTIONS TO THE
PROBLEMS.
Value : 06
points out of 18.
Work
foreseen: 186 hours out of 504.
The points are awarded only after
passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the problems.
Third block : Solutions to the problems.
Value : 01 point our of 18.
Work foreseen: 36 hours out of
504.
[16.00 Hours] Section
1 : Anthropological analysis of the three levels of project structures.
(Value 0.5 point)
[16.00 Hours] Section 2 :
Division of responsibilities amongst the three levels of structures. (Value
0,5 point)
The point is awarded only
after passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the problems.
[16.00 Hours Section 1 :
Anthropological analysis of the three levels of structures. (Value 0.5
point)
[14.00 Hours]
Anthropological analysis.
01. First level :
hunter-gatherers.
02. Second level : groups
of clans with chief.
04. General plan of an
individual project.
05. Management lines for
individual projects.
[02.00 Hours] Report on
Section 1 of Block 3.
[14.00 Hours]
Anthropological analysis.
02. Second level : groups
of clans with chief. (At
least two hours).
General reference
: Diamond, Jared, Guns, guns and steel, (London, Vintage, 1998). ISBN 0 09 930278
0
One of the aspects at the base of human history if the history of his
food supply. Some 7.500 years ago, as food security in the small villages
inhabited by clans improved, the first forms of specialisation of tasks began
to take shape. Apart from reasons of physical security from living together,
the clans were able to exchange partners. They speak the same language, perhaps
using different dialects. Most of the inhabitants still know each other, but
the interests of the different bands or clans could give rise to conflicts. The
position of chief, often hereditary, was formed
to solve the conflicts. The chief had specific powers which were
recognised by the other inhabitants. As the communities formed by conglomerates
of clans got larger, the chiefs needed help for their management , and
gradually a bureaucracy with several
levels developed, each level with specific, recognised, rights. At a certain
point, a division of the community into classes began to take shape : the
«ordinary » people, and the privileged elite. The instruments at the
disposal of the elite to maintain their control over the people included :
1) Disarmament of the population and armament of the elite.
2) Redistribution amongst the people of a large part of the tributes
received from the people.
3) Use of their monopoly of force to promote the happiness of the population.
4) The construction of an ideology (later, a religion) justifying the position and the privileges of
the elite.
(Source : Diamond, Jared, Guns, germs and steel, Vintage, London, 1998,
chapter 4, p. 277).
Communities run by chiefs often had about 1500-2500 inhabitants. The
presence of a few «outsiders » or strangers began to be
tolerated.
In integrated development projects, this intermediary level structure is
called the «Well Commission», with 1500-2500 people served by a drinking water
system formed by several water tanks fed by a single (large diameter) borehole
or well.
Part from the more directly political organisational aspects of these
communities, their interest for integrated development projects lies mostly in
their «intermediate » size. It is a size which still applies to
our day for certain important basic services, even in the most advanced
industrialised countries. For instance, the ratio of general medical
practitioners to population served in industrialised countries is to the order
of 1 doctor to 2000-2500 people. In the
The ideal school class would have 18 pupils (V. Wilson, Does small
really make a difference?, Scottish Council for Research and Education
(SCRE) Report 107,
Taking
into account 6 grades, each with 18 pupils, the population of a primary school
would be about 100-120 pupils. At tank commission level, with a population of
about +/- 250 people, primary schools
would have 3 classes with two grades per class, or 50-60 pupils. A well
commission is expected to serve 7 tank
commissions. That would mean the pupils
attending +/- 7 primary schools at tank commission level would go to a
secondary school at well-commission level.
50 pupils by 7 schools produces a secondary school population of 350
pupils, considered the «ideal » population for a secondary school.
1. Research.
Makes a list
of the groups or conglomerates of villages in your project area forming intermediate
population formations with 1500-2500 inhabitants. You should arrive at 30-40
groups.
The number of members of each well commission is determined by the
number of tank commission it serves. There will usually be 6-7 members. Each
rank commission chooses on member to represent it on the well commission from
which it gets its water supply. Since the majority of members of the tank
commission will be women, it is expected
they will elect women to the well commissions. The well commission
should therefore have a majority of women members.
2. Opinion.
Suppose you
are responsible for the integrated development project for your chosen area.
You are about to help the populations to form the first social structures,
amongst which the well commissions. You need to explain to the inhabitants of
the villages forming a future well commission zone (+/- 7 tank commission
areas) why an intermediate administrative level is necessary between the tank
commissions on the one hand and the central committee on the other. One of your
listeners(a man) puts 5 questions to you. You answer them. Write the man’s
questions and your answers in the form of a two-page dialogue.
3. Opinion.
You are a
candidate for nomination by your tank commission
to the well commission serving your community. You can be a member of the tank
commission, or you can be a member of the population served by the tank
commission. On one page make your plea
(case) to the (other) members of the tank commission describing the personal
qualities you think make you particularly suitable to represent the community
on the well commission.
4. Opinion.
On one page,
write a report on how you think the new well commissions will influence the
traditional management structures of the community.
◄ Third block,
section 1: Section 1 : Anthropological analysis.
◄ Third block : Solutions to the problems.
◄ Main index of the course for the Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
This work is
licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Non-commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Licence.