NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
02: 17 December, 2009
01. E-course : Diploma in
Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
SECTION B : SOLUTIONS TO THE
PROBLEMS.
Value : 06
points out of 18.
Work
foreseen: 186 hours out of 504.
The points are awarded only after
passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the problems.
Third block : Solutions to the problems.
Value : 01 point our of 18.
Work foreseen: 36 hours out of
504.
[16.00 Hours] Section
1 : Anthropological analysis of the three levels of project structures.
(Value 0.5 point)
[16.00 Hours] Section 2 :
Division of responsibilities amongst the three levels of structures. (Value
0,5 point)
The point is awarded only
after passing the consolidated exam for Section B : Solutions to the problems.
[16.00 Hours Section 1 :
Anthropological analysis of the three levels of structures. (Value 0.5
point)
[14.00 Hours]
Anthropological analysis.
01. First level :
hunter-gatherers.
02. Second level : groups
of clans with chief.
04. General plan of an
individual project.
05. Management lines for
individual projects.
[02.00 Hours] Report on
Section 1 of Block 3.
[14.00 Hours]
Anthropological analysis.
03. Third level : states. (At least 2 hours).
General
reference : Diamond, Jared, Guns, guns and steel, (London, Vintage, 1998). ISBN 0 09 930278
0
The third administrative level of structures set up by integrated
development projects is the individual project
level. Each project covers an area with +/- 50.000 inhabitants and is
what Jared Diamond ( reference above, “Guns, germs and steel”, Vintage,
Individuals in each project area must be able to associate with and
participate in the project’s administrative structures. The project area must
be comprehensible to the individuals in the area.
The first ancient city states were formed about 3500 years ago.
The ancient Greek state had a radius of about
The population of
the area had at the same time to be large enough to offer a market capable of
supporting wide-spread specialisation of productive activities and services. It
also had to be able to offer a range of products and services necessary for a
good quality of life for all free men in the project area. “We may thus define the optimum number of
the population [of an ideal state] as “the greatest surveyable number required
for achieving a life of self-sufficiency”” (Artistotle, Politics, Book VII,
Chapter IV, tr. E. Barker , Oxford University Press, London, 1948).
Diamond’s «states » (op.cit p. 268) had populations of 50.000
persons and even more. They included a main settlement and a lot of villages in the same area. The inhabitants were divided into classes,
there might have been more than one language, decisions were centralised, there
were several levels of bureaucracy, there was a monopoly of military force and
control over information. Food production was intensive, there was a high level
of specialisation of labour. Financial
means were redistributed according to tax systems. There were courts and judges
to resolve conflicts.
The choice made under the Model for local economic systems with about
+/- 50.000 inhabitants is therefore anything but new. There is, furthermore,
nothing critical or mystical about the number. Individual project areas can
have more or fewer inhabitants according to the population concentrations,
geographic features, cultural and ethnic considerations including language, and
above all according to preferences expressed by the local populations. Populations of project areas in developing
countries today are rarely as concentrated as those in
The size of the project areas for integrated development is still valid
for several important basic services today, including services in the most
industrialised countries. For example,
the number of hospital beds per 100.000 persons in the 27 countries of the
European Union is currently 600. The tendency is towards a reduction of this
figure. The more «advanced » countries from this point of view (
The same concept applies to higher education institutions, such for
example, as trade schools and propedeuse service for the preparation of
students for university studies at regional or national level.
The number of members of the central committee which is legally charged
with the ownership and on-going administration of project structures is
determined by the number of well commissions it serves. Normally, 35-45 members
can be expected. Each well commission chooses a member to represent it on the
central committee. Since the a majority of the members of the well commissions
is expected to be female, the well commissions can be expected to nominate a
women to represent them on the central committee. Women should, therefore, form
a majority of the members of the central committee as well.
1. Research.
On one page,
make a summary of the logistical and social reasons for the choice of a project
area with 50.000 inhabitants for integrated development.
2. Opinion.
The
traditional chiefs in your project area are afraid of losing their authority as
a result of the execution of the project. You represent them. On one page make
a list of their problems and give the details.
3. Opinion.
The political authorities in your
project area are afraid of losing ( part
of) their political power .On one page explain how the execution of the project
will increase rather than decrease their personal prestige and their political authority.
4. Opinion.
You are a candidate for election to the
central committee of the project in your chosen area. On one page, write your
«political » programme.
5. Opinion.
On one page explain to the members of
the well commission which has to choose you amongst other candidates, why your
programme is the most appropriate one to satisfy the interests of the
populations served by the well commission.
◄ Third block,
section 1: Section 1 : Anthropological analysis.
◄ Third block : Solutions to the problems.
◄ Main index of the course for the Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)
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