NGO Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 

01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int.Dev.)

 

Edition 01: 24 January, 2011

Edition 03 : 16 February, 2011

 

(Français)

Quarter 3.

 

 

SECTION C : THE MODEL.

 

 

Study points : 05 points out of 18

Minimum study time : 125 hours out of 504

 

The study points are awarded upon passing the consolidated exam  for  Section C : The Model.

 


 

Block 8 : Economic aspects.

 

                            [Study points 03 out of 18]

[Minimum study time: 85 hours out of 504]

 

The study points are awarded upon passing the consolidated exam  for  Section C : The Model.

 


Block 8 : Economic aspects.

 

Sect. 5 : Kyoto Treaty : Analysis of  possibilities for finance. (Additional)

 

01. Executive summary.

02. Introduction.

03. Potential areas of application of CDM mechanisms to integrated development projects.

04. Small-scale CDM activities. 

05. Programmes of activities.

06. Selection of the CDM methodologies for the applications listed in section 03.

07. Information specific to afforestation/reforestation (AR) methodologies specifically applicable to integrated development projects.

08. Notes specific to the role of bamboo in afforestation and reforestation (AR) projects.

09. CDM funding indications for the selected applications and methodologies.

10. Graphs and conclusions.

 


 

Menu  for  : 09. CDM funding indications for the selected applications and methodologies.

 

09-01. CO2 savings through the reduced use of non-renewable biomass for cooking purposes through the introduction of improved stoves.

09-02. Demonstration project for the recovery of forest lands and natural parks and reserves using traditional species.

09.03. Afforestation activities in settlements as defined  for the distributed planting of fruit and nut trees and similar.

09-04. Small-scale agro-forestry activities – such as distributed bamboo plantations on grasslands and croplands.

09-05. Small-scale agro-forestry activities – distributed demonstration plantations for practical purposes for local use, including but not limited to Moringa plantations on marginal lands.

09-06. Demonstration afforestation and/or reforestation (AR) projects on wetlands using traditional species.

09-07.  Demonstration afforestation and/or reforestation projects on lands having low inherent potential to support living biomass.

09-08. Use of renewable biomass instead of non-renewable biomass with improved cook stoves.

09-09. Recycling of human waste to avoid the use of industrial fertilisers.

09-10. Methane recovery from animal waste for cooking and lighting purposes especially in pastoralist areas.

09-11. Replacement of kerosene lamps, incandescent light bulbs, and of the use of throw-away batteries by renewable energy sources (wind, solar and/or renewable bio-mass including but not limited to plant oil, gasification of biomass).

09-12. Replacement of non-renewable electrical, diesel- and battery-driven sources for mechanical equipment such as pumps and mills and, where applicable, pubic lighting systems.

09-13. Local recycling and recovery of materials from solid wastes, including but not limited to plastics.

 


 

09. CDM funding indications for the selected applications and methodologies.

 

09-10. Methane recovery from animal waste for cooking and lighting purposes especially in pastoralist areas.

 

Methodology AMS-III-AR (introduced 26th  November, 2010)  (from 26th November 2010) used in application 11 (09-11. Replacement of kerosene lamps, incandescent light bulbs, and of the use of throw-away batteries by renewable energy sources (wind, solar and/or renewable bio-mass including but not limited to plant oil, gasification of biomass) applies to the adoption of LED lamps. It refers to the lighting technology itself. The use of renewable bio-mass instead of non-renewable biomass for use with improved cook stoves is covered under application 09-08. Use of renewable biomass instead of non-renewable biomass with improved cook stoves using methodology  AMS 1.E Small-scale Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user (Version 3)

 

AMS-III-R with AMS-I-C can be used for methane recovery under this application 10. Since this application 10 partly doubles up with applications  8 and 11, double counting must be carefully avoided.

 

Methodology AMS-I-A (Version 14)  on the other hand  is based on the calculation of the CO2 saved by the new system compared with the earlier system.

 

As a type III small scale project, AMS-III-R  can be used to reduce man-made CO2 emissions, up to maximum  60 kt of CO2.

 

The challenge is to find alternative existing uses of non-renewable energy within each integrated development area. Beneficiaries  may also choose to use the gas for new energy uses, but this would not qualify for CDM funding. They may prefer to use their methane gas to replace the mini-briquettes for stoves under application 01 above. This too would, however, lead to a drainage of possible CDM resources. They could also substitute the use of methodology AMS-I-A (Version 14)  under application 09-12. Replacement of non-renewable electrical, diesel- and battery-driven sources for mechanical equipment such as pumps and mills and, where applicable, pubic lighting systems 12 by using methane to replace non-renewable electrical, diesel- and battery-driven sources for mechanical equipment such as pumps and mills and, where applicable, pubic lighting systems. The advantage of doing this is that formal requirements for methodology AMS-III-R are simpler than those for  AMS-I-A .

 

Since most existing energy uses are covered under other applications, it is difficult to make widely applicable hypotheses for activities under this application. The average CDM value is therefore deemed to be zero for the purposes of CDM income calculations.

 

As mentioned in 02. Introduction : “If there is no current energy consumption in a given project area it cannot be replaced or reduced.”

 

Some ideas could be :

 

Camp fires

Open fires used for celebrations.

Fires for communication purposes.

Oil-fuelled  and other torches.

Non-cooking fires used for illumination.

 


 

Menu  for  : 09. CDM funding indications for the selected applications and methodologies.

 

09-01. CO2 savings through the reduced use of non-renewable biomass for cooking purposes through the introduction of improved stoves.

09-02. Demonstration project for the recovery of forest lands and natural parks and reserves using traditional species.

09.03. Afforestation activities in settlements as defined  for the distributed planting of fruit and nut trees and similar.

09-04. Small-scale agro-forestry activities – such as distributed bamboo plantations on grasslands and croplands.

09-05. Small-scale agro-forestry activities – distributed demonstration plantations for practical purposes for local use, including but not limited to Moringa plantations on marginal lands.

09-06. Demonstration afforestation and/or reforestation (AR) projects on wetlands using traditional species.

09-07.  Demonstration afforestation and/or reforestation projects on lands having low inherent potential to support living biomass.

09-08. Use of renewable biomass instead of non-renewable biomass with improved cook stoves.

09-09. Recycling of human waste to avoid the use of industrial fertilisers.

09-10. Methane recovery from animal waste for cooking and lighting purposes especially in pastoralist areas.

09-11. Replacement of kerosene lamps, incandescent light bulbs, and of the use of throw-away batteries by renewable energy sources (wind, solar and/or renewable bio-mass including but not limited to plant oil, gasification of biomass).

09-12. Replacement of non-renewable electrical, diesel- and battery-driven sources for mechanical equipment such as pumps and mills and, where applicable, pubic lighting systems.

09-13. Local recycling and recovery of materials from solid wastes, including but not limited to plastics.

 


 

Exam Block 8 :  [4 hours]

 


 

Consolidated exam : Section C. [6 hours].

 



 Eighth block : Section. 5 : Kyoto Treaty : Analysis of  possibilities for finance.

 Eighth block :  Economic Aspects.


Main index  for the Diploma in Integrated  Development  (Dip. Int. Dev.)

 List of key words.

 List of references.

  Course chart.

 Technical aspects.


 Courses available.

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"Money is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them."

Gesell, Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228.

 

“Poverty is created scarcity”

Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th annual NGO Conference, United Nations, New York 7th September 2005.

 


 

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