NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
03: 21 March, 2011.
Edition
04 : 04 March, 2013.
01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative study
time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
Second block : The problems to be solved.
Study points : 02 points out
of 18
Expected work required: 55
hours out of 504
The two study points will be
finally awarded on successful completion of the consolidated exam for Section A
: Development problems.
Section 1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22
hours]
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
Millennium Goals.
[04.00 Hours] Preparation report Section 1 of Block
2.
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
services made available by integrated development projects.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Second block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Consolidated exam for Section A : Development problems (for
passage to Section B of the course : [ 6 hours each attempt].
Analysis of the
services made available under integrated development projects.[18.00 hours]
01. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger.
02. Achieve universal primary
education.
03. Promote gender equality
and empower women.
06. Combat HIV/aids, malaria
and other diseases.
07. Target 09 : Ensure
environmental sustainability.
08. Targets 10 and 11 :
Water, sanitation and slums.
09. Develop a global
partnership for development.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Analysis of the
services made available under integrated development projects.[18.00 hours]
01. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger. (At least 2 hours)
Look at slide :
Goal 1: Target
1 : Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than one dollar a
day.
1. Just a moment! Do I fall in the lucky half ?
2. US$ 1 per day and
the monetisation of the quality of life.
3. Projects apply to
all of the inhabitants in each project area, without exclusion.
4. A complete menu of
services necessary for a good quality of life is offered. (How ?
See : summary of typical structures).
5. A good quality of
life for everyone in the project area, without exclusion. (How ?
See : summary of typical structures).
6. 4000 direct
occupational possibilities in each project area and a general mobilisation of
the populations. (Which ? See : Model section 05.47 Job creation).
7. Individuals profit from
savings in their current costs for various services. (How ?
See : Block 8, section 3 : 06. Cost and benefits analysis :
introduction and
07. Cost and
benefits analysis : details.)
7. Social security
structures for the needy. (How? See :
Block 4 section 2- 5. Three-tiered social security structures.)
8. Projection of
structures to regional and national levels. (How? See : Block 7, Section 1: Regional and national extensions. )
Whoops! Am I in the right half ?
You have
studied some aspects of poverty during your work for section 1 of block 1 of the course:
02. Some factors linked with
poverty.
In
her article Poverty, Health and Political
Priorities : 2000 to 2007, Health Beat, August 2008, author M.
Mahar writes (about the
« As the Economic Policy
Institute's Jared Bernstein points out, "Despite strong overall economic
growth, the cycle that began in 2000 and ended late last year has turned out to
be one of the weakest
on record for working families.
«Today, our children are our poorest citizens. Since President George W.
Bush took office, the number of children living in poverty has climbed from 16
percent to 18 percent. In other words, a larger share of American children are
poor today than in the early 1970s -- when the nation was mired in a deep
recession.
« "Overall" from 2000 to 2007, "the poverty rate grew
from 11.3 percent to 12.5 percent," Bernstein notes. "In contrast,
poverty rates fell significantly in the 1990s." The period from 2000 to
2007 marks a span when one would have expected prosperity to "trickle
down." »
1. Opinion.
On one page, make two columns.
In the first
column you are New York resident with an income of 25 US$ per day ; in the
second column you are marginalised with few monetised activities in a poor
country and you have to survive on less than US $1 day. What would your quality
of life be like in each of the two
situations ? Write your conclusions at the bottom of the page.
View slide :
Goal 1: Target 2 : Reduce
by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
Review your work
for section 2 of block 1 of the course on : food security, and the related in-depth
analysis..
For a recent
(September 2010) detailed analysis of
progress made on attaining target 2 read the report by Guereňa A. and others Halving Hunger : Still Possible?, Oxfam Briefing Paper 139,
Oxfam International, Washington, September 2010.
Read the
document : Seed Treaty : La Via
Campesina Declaration presented by «
« Using the
money ear-marked for fighting hunger to distribute these industrial seeds and
associated fertilizers for free to the small-scale farmers - who feed the poor
people of the South - until they give up their local peasant seeds, is to
condemn them to give up farming as soon as this non-sustainable support comes
to an end »
Integrated
development concepts ensure food security. ( For details refer to Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis), because :
- Everyone in each
project area will be well fed. (How ? See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
-
Food production structures are set up. (How ? See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Local food
production is destined for local use. (How ? See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Wide variation of
diet is assured. (How ? See :
Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Food security is available for times of crisis. (How ?
See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Cooperative distribution of surpluses is organised. (How ?
See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Cooperative food storage facilities are available. (How ?
See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Plant nurseries are set up. (How ? See : Block
5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- Seed banks are set up. (How ? See : Block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
- The power of local money systems is fully exploited.
(How?
See : Block 4, Section 3 – Financial structures 3. Local money systems - introduction ;
4. Local money systems – in depth )
- Social security
structures are organised for the needy. (How? See : Block 4 section 2- 5. Three-tiered social
security structures.)
- Extensions to
regional and national levels are possible. (How? See : Block 7, Section 1: Regional and national extensions. )
Hunger whether,
endemic or occasional, is a real, objectively verifiable condition where the
available food supply fails to provide the quantitative and/or qualitative
nutrition necessary for the growth and survival of human beings.
During execution of
each integrated development project under the Model, local money systems are
set up. These enable local production without the need for formal money of
sanitation structures and for the recycling of urine, faeces, and grey water,
coupled, where necessary with rain water harvesting. The directly recycled
materials, which are usually recycled at household level, are alone sufficient
to endure a good quality diet for all. Just the minimum quantity of water
considered necessary for human life is required. In the case of integrated
development projects, this minimum water supply will be clean drinking water.
In principle, however, practically any quality of water will do to ensure food
security.
There is, in
principle, no reason at all for people to be hungry, except in cases of
conflict or natural disaster.
This is the simple
«recipe » provided by integrated development projects under the
Model :
Grey water (minimal
usage per person ) is recycled at household level.
Urine and faeces are recycled at household level
(eco-sanitation).
Local seeds (a few
seeds for each species are enough for each household) are available. Plant
nurseries can be developed under the local money system. In that case just a
few plants per family are enough..
Space can be found
to grow the plants (100m2 is enough for each family). This can be any
combination, according to availability, of vertical gardens, roof-boxes, small
garden areas, small fields etc.)
The time needed is
perhaps 15 minutes a day.
2. Opinion.
On one page,, explain why such a system
has not yet been developed in the “real” world. Take economic, cultural, and
social aspects into account.
Paragraphs 7 j) and 7 k) of the Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals provide for :
“(j) Transfer basic
sustainable agricultural techniques and knowledge, including natural resource
management, to small and medium-scale farmers, fishers and the rural poor,
especially in developing countries, including through multi-stakeholder
approaches and public-private partnerships aimed at increasing agriculture
production and food security;
(k) Increase food
availability and affordability, including through harvest and food technology
and management, as well as equitable and efficient distribution systems, by
promoting, for example, community-based partnerships linking urban and rural
people and enterprises;”
While articles 40,
“40. Agriculture plays a crucial role in addressing
the needs of a growing global population and is inextricably linked to poverty
eradication, especially in developing countries. Enhancing the role of women at
all levels and in all aspects of rural development, agriculture, nutrition and
food security is imperative. Sustainable agriculture and rural development are
essential to the implementation of an integrated approach to increasing food
production and enhancing food security and food safety in an environmentally
sustainable way. This would include actions at all levels to:
…..
(f)
Enhance the participation of women in all aspects and at all levels relating to
sustainable agriculture and food security;
----
(p)
Strengthen and improve coordination of existing initiatives to enhance
sustainable agricultural production and food security;”
Article
“
(a) Support the development and implementation of national policies and
programmes, including research programmes and development plans of African
countries to regenerate their agricultural sector and sustainably develop their
fisheries, and increase investment in infrastructure, technology and extension
services, according to country needs. African countries should be in the
process of developing and implementing food security strategies, within the
context of national poverty eradication programmes, by 2005;”
3. Opinion.
On one page explain the differences in
approach between the «recipe» provided under integrated development
projects and the provisions of the Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals.
◄ Second
block : Problems to be solved.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
