NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens
Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
01: 29 October, 2009.
Edition
02 : 21 March, 2011.
Edition
04 : 22 December, 2013.
01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development
(Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points are
awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
Second block : The problems to be
solved.
Study points : 02 points out
of 18
Expected work required: 55 hours
out of 504
The two study points will be
finally awarded on successful completion of the consolidated exam for
Section 1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22 hours]
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the Millennium Goals.
[04.00 Hours] Preparation report Section 1 of Block
2.
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
services made available by integrated development projects.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Second block : Exam. [ 4
hours each attempt]
Consolidated exam for Section A :
Development problems (for passage to Section B of the course : [ 6 hours each attempt].
Analysis of the
services made available under integrated development projects.[18.00 hours]
01. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger.
02. Achieve universal primary
education.
03. Promote gender equality
and empower women.
06. Combat HIV/aids, malaria
and other diseases.
07. Target 09
: Ensure environmental sustainability.
08. Targets 10 and 11 : Water, sanitation
and slums.
09. Develop a global
partnership for development.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Analysis of the
services made available under integrated development projects.[18.00 hours]
07. Target 09
: Ensure environmental sustainability. (At least 2 hours).
Refer to slides :
Millennium goal 7 :
Ensure environmental sustainability.
On
millennium goal 7 (Target 09) read :
Financial leakage: theft of
resources.
Millennium goal 7 : Your analysis of the Implementation
Plan and environmental sustainablility
Refer
also to file 08.20 ecological aspects
of the Model.
Target
09 : Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies
and programmes ; reverse loss of environmental resources.
The following indicators are given for target 09:
Indicator
25 : Forested land as a percentage of land area. (FAO)
[Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008, table 22]
Indicator
26 : Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface
area. (UNEP) [Convention on Biological
Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, Juin 1992].
Indicator
27 : Energy supply (apparent consumption : kg oil equivalent) per 1000
dollar (PPP) GDP. (World Bank) [Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 22]
Indicator
28 : Carbons dioxide emissions (per capita) and consumption of ozone-depleting CFC’s (ODP tons). [Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 24]
Indicator
29 : Proportion of the population using solid fuels. (UNEP)
[Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 23]
Poor
countries suffer the consequences of exaggerated over-consumption in rich
countries.. For example, average energy consumption in OECD countries was 8795
KW hours per person in 2004 [Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 22] while that in the least developed country was
just 119 KW/hours per person, a ration of
1 to 74. Average carbon dioxide emissions in the OECD amounted to 11.5
tons per person in 2004 [Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 24], while that in
the least developed countries was just
0,2 tons per person, a ration of 1 to 57.
[ Gough, I. at al, The distribution of total greenhouse gas emissions by households in the U.K., and some implications for social policy, New
Economics Foundation (NEF) with Centre for Analysis of
Social Exclusion (CASE), CASE/152, London, July, 2011, provide a detailed
analysis of consumption emissions in
the U.K., and give an average emissions figure, inclusive of emissions due to public services, of 16.35 tonnes per
person.]
1.Opinion.
On two pages
write 5 paragraphs with the following plan :
Protection of
forests : which are the most threatened forests ?.Why are they
threatened ? Who benefits from their destruction ?
Conservation
of biodiversity : which zones with
a high concentration of biodiversity are threatened ? Why are they
threatened ? Who benefits from their destruction ?
Energy
consumption : who consumes the energy [ Iceland 29430 KW/hours per person per year, United
States 14.240 ; OECD average 8795 ; poor countries 119 of which the
greater part is «renewable» biomass,
ratio OECD-poor countries 74-1 ] ? Are the poor countries
supposed to consume more energy or less energy ?
Carbon dioxide
emissions. Who create the emissions [ Qatar 79.3 tons per person per year,
United States 20.6 tons; ,average OECD countries 11.5 tons, poor countries 0,2 tons, ratio OECD-poor countries 57-1] ?. What are the rich countries
trying to do with the
Use of solid
fuels [Report on
Human Development for 2007/2008 , table 23. What is the purpose of this indicator? Which
solid fuels are being referred to? What
is the relationship between the
proportion of the population using solid fuels and the quality of life
of the persons involved ?
Integrated development projects :
Are
for 100% ecological. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Use
local money systems as a basis. (Details : Block 4,
section 3, 3. Local money systems -
introduction ; 4. Local money systems : in-depth analysis.)
Refuse
energy consumption as an indicator of the quality of life (indicator
27). (Details : block 5, Section 5: Sustainabilty. )
Use improved stoves and locally produced mini-briquettes . (Details : block 4, section 4, 1. Units of the production of
articles using gypsum-based composites ; 2. Units for the production of mini-briquettes ;
3. Production of biomass.)
Have
potential under the
Apply
the principle : local energy production for local use. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Eliminate
consumption and use of batteries, except for those rechargeable using local
energy. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Provide
for numerous «large-scale » diffused alternative energy applications.
(Details : block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Protect
parks and natural reserves in each project area. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Set
up plant nurseries. (Details : block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
Set
up seed banks. (Details : block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
Protect
bio-diversity in each project area. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Provide
for reforestation and tree-planting in general. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
Set
up a complete waste recycling system. (Details :
block 4, section 5, 05. Recycling structures :
organisation ; 06. Recycling structures: technique.)
Provide
for the production of local products for local consumption. (Details :
block 5, Section 4: Food crisis.)
Eliminate
eventual use of CFCs –
chlorofluorocarbons – in each project area. (Details :
block 5, Section 5: Sustainability. )
2. Opinion.
On two pages analyse the a) necessary and b)
possible contributions industrialised countries
can make towards ecological development initiatives included in the above
list.
Section 07.07 of the Model provides a costs and benefits
analysis which, in connection with the reduction of loss of environmental
resources includes :
« 09. Elimination of the need to fetch firewood for
cooking : 60% of families (being
60% of 10.000 being 6.000) x 4 hours of search per week (being 40% of one day’s
work assuming 10 hours’ work per day) x
revenue Euro 3 per day or Euro 1,20 per
week 6.000 women = Euro 7200 per week, being Euro 374.400 per year..
10. Reduction in the cost of
purchasing wood for cooking : 40%
of families (being 40% or 10.000 or
4.000). In larger centres, a family of five persons typically consumes
firewood for a value of about +/- € 0,75 per day, or equivalent. Reduction by 65% as a result of the use of improved
stoves, amounts to Euro 0,50 per family per day. 4000 families x Euro 0,50
x 365 days = Euro 730.000 per year per
project.
11. Automatic reforestation
12. Carbon emission reductions certificates under the Kyoto Treaty.
Within the framework of each project, there is a market for 20.000 – 30.000
high efficiency cooking stoves Supposing a saving of
13. Recycling of fertilisers.
[Fertilisers : recycling of urine and faeces : per person per
year (
For 50.000 persons :
Prices 8/2008 of fertilisers
based on N were € 300/ton x 285 = Euro 85.500 ; based on P = € 820/ton x
30 = € 24.600 ; based on K = €330/ton x 60 = €19.800.
Total = € 129.900/year.]
Local fertiliser production through the recycling of urine and faeces is
enough for the production of all food necessary for the inhabitants, and to
provide a varied diet. This does not bring with it any extra workload on women
during the rainy seasons, when women, apart from their normal household duties
are usually expected to go to the fields to help their husbands.
Women often have their own fields enabling them to independently generate
income. »
For complete information on costs and benefits analyses for integrated
development projects refer to Section 3 : Costs and
benefits analysis of Block 8 economic aspects of the course.
3. Opinion.
On one page, give a paragraph commenting on
each of the items 9-13 above. Give details of other items you think should be
added to the list.
◄ Second block : Problems to be solved.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
