NGO "ANOTHER WAY" (STICHTING BAKENS VERZET), NETHERLANDS, SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED SELF-FINANCING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

There is no set time for the creation of the various structures. Usually they should all be formed within 12 months. However, even during that period, management for structures which have been formed and are in operative condition will be transferred to the 06. Permanent cooperative for the management of the project structures.

First of all, the financial circuit has to be set up. Seer : 06.21 Circulation of funds: organigram of the bank circuit of the Model.

The second phase of execution is the most critical one. Institutions are set up following the principles of Santos de Morais as analysed in section 2. Moraisian workshops of this section 1 of the fourth block.

See Model annexes 09.11 et 09.12 : information on the workshops and a bibliography of the work of Clodomir Santos de Morais.

The order of sequence of the workshops is very important.. The first involves the 06.22 Creation of the Health Clubs. This is the most delicate and critical phase of them all, as it involves the formation of basic structures for operation by giving women a fair chance to organise themselves. The second set of structures involves the formation of the 06.23 local social structures, which are the hinge structures of the whole system. The third structure to be created is the one setting up a 06.24 local money system, followed by the one for 06.25 micro-credits, the one for 06.26 production units to make items from gypsum composites, and the one for 06.27 waste recycling, and the one for the production of 06.28 bio-mass for stoves,, the local 06.29 radio station and those for 06.29 drinking water supply, and the other planned structures.

A cooperative, interest-free, inflation-free local economic environment is created in each individual project area. A local economic system is set up where financial leakage is reduced and if possible blocked altogether. The small amount of formal money reaching a project area is kept there, and continually recycled Sect. 1 : Analysis of the causes of poverty of Block 1 : Poverty and the quality of life showed that financial leakage is caused in the first place by interest (up to 40% of a typical industrial product is made of interest which has accumulated the production chain), in the second place by energy (whether national of international) produced outside the project, by fertilisers produced outside the project area, and by medical services and medicines imported from outside the project area and often from outside the country where the project is taking place.

The sequence for the creation of the simple cooperative social, financial, productive and services structures is critical for project execution.

1. First, about 05.12 200 health clubs, each based on 40 families (200-300 people) are set up. They form a platform for women, to make sure they can organise themselves in groups and participate en bloc at local development meetings and to play a dominant role in the various social, economic, service and productive structures set up. The issue of the role played by women in development is solved this way as women can take most of the responsibility for management of the project structures. The initial costs of the Health Clubs are covered by project funds until the local money system is created. At this stage, it is clear that the drinking water supply structures are not yet in place. They are, in fact, amongst the last structures to be created.

2. Once the Health Clubs are in operation, about 200 05.13 tank- or local development commissions are set up. They are based on the same groups of 40 families (200-300 people). The commissions each have 3 - 5 members, all or at least most of whom are women. These commissions are the heart of the project. They in turn elect about 35 intermediate of well commissions, which in turn choose a central management unit. The functions of the tank commission are illustrated in the slide the key structures. Initial costs relating to the tank commissions are borne by the project budget until the local money system is created. Via the tank commissions, the other social structures foreseen are set up. These are 05.14 the well commissions, the 05.15 central committee, and, later on, 06.16 the social security structures..

3. Once the tank and well commissions and the central management unit are in place, it is possible to set up the 05.21 LETS local money systems can be set up. They offer the inhabitants in the project area means for the transfer of all locally produced and consumed goods and services. The art is at this point to identify and use technologies enabling most of the goods and services necessary to local development and a good quality of life in the project area to be produced with 100% local value added. Such goods and services can then be produced, installed, maintained and paid under the framework of the local money systems set up, without the need for any formal money at all. An example applied in this project is the possibility to produce, install, manage, and maintain a complete dry composting eco-sanitation structure through out the project area without the need for a cent of formal money. The costs of running the local money systems are covered under the local money systems themselves.

4. Once the LETS local money systems are in place, a distinction can be made between what can be done under the local money systems and what must be “imported” into the project area. Goods and services needed for basic urgently needed services such as clean drinking water supply, use is made of the project’s seed funds to cover the formal money (Euros) cost of imported goods and services. For other initiatives 05.22 cooperative interest-free micro-credit structures are put in place. These recycle the users' monthly contributions (usually between Euro 0,60 and Euro 0,75 per person) to the Cooperative Local Development Fund interest-free for credits for sustainable productivity purposes, for the purpose of purchasing goods for productivity increase not locally produced. The micro-credit systems will allow at least Euro 1500 of interest-free micro-credit per family during the first ten years of the project. Probably more, as the Euro 1500 is conservatively based on an average two-year pay back time. The Cooperative Local Development Fund is set up as a project structure. It belongs to, and is run by the people themselves, at the beginning with professional support through the project Coordinator.. The costs of running the micro-credit structures are covered under the local money systems.

5. Once the cooperative micro-credit structures and the LETS local money systems are in place, the production structures can be set up, and in particular units for the production of 05.31 articles from gypsum composites. Amongst the priority items for manufacture in these factories are products necessary for the water supply project such as water tanks, well linings, water containers, etc. When capacity is available they can start making the planned ecological sanitation systems, and other necessary items such as high efficiency stoves, rainwater harvesting systems, construction components. Since cheap gypsum or anhydrite deposits are (usually) present or near the project area, no formal money is needed either for the raw materials or for production. Installation and maintenance.

6) Interest-free cooperative purchasing structures can then be set up at tank commission, well commission, and central committee levels to finance the purchase interest-free of domestic solar systems and other structures for the generation of sustainable energy of specific interest to the populations in the area.

1. Research.

The second phase of project execution is directly limited to the life of 07.the cooperative for project execution referred to in the third block Section 2 :Division of responsibility amongst the three levels of each project. .On one page explain why.

2. Research.

The number of people participating in the various workshops can vary greatly from one workshop to the other. On one page, explain why.

Integrated development project structures are created to form together a single cooperative local economic environment. Yet they remain independent one of the other. The creation of the structures takes place in tranches.

3. Research.

On two pages set out the innovative aspects of this approach to development issues. Start with a short introduction, then the adaptation of Moraisian workshops to this application, the mobilisation and active participation of large numbers of people, the interdependence of the social, financial, productive and service structures, and their horizontal and vertical organisation .End with your conclusion.

4. Opinion.

The execution of each workshop, especially the first one, carries risks.. Suppose that logistical, professional, and didactic problems have been solved. Which other risks can in your opinion lead to the need to repeat the workshop ? Here are a few key words you may wish to use amongst others : group psychology ;traditional influences and roles ; personal ambition ; timidity ; illiteracy ;lack of general vision. On one page make a list of at least three factors, and explain which risks they cause and the consequences they can have.

◄ ►

◄ Fourth block : Section 1. Justification of the order of sequence for the creation of the structures.

◄ Fourth block : The structures to be created.

◄ Main index for the Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)

◄ List of key words.

◄ List of references.

◄ Course chart.

◄ Technical aspects.

◄ Courses available.

◄ Homepage Bakens Verzet

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Licence.